Abstract

A detailed understanding of the human infectious reservoir is essential for improving malaria transmission-reducing interventions. Here we report a multi-regional assessment of population-wide malaria transmission potential based on 1209 mosquito feeding assays in endemic areas of Burkina Faso and Kenya. Across both sites, we identified 39 infectious individuals. In high endemicity settings, infectious individuals were identifiable by research-grade microscopy (92.6%; 25/27), whilst one of three infectious individuals in the lowest endemicity setting was detected by molecular techniques alone. The percentages of infected mosquitoes in the different surveys ranged from 0.05 (4/7716) to 1.6% (121/7749), and correlate positively with transmission intensity. We also estimated exposure to malaria vectors through genetic matching of blood from 1094 wild-caught bloodfed mosquitoes with that of humans resident in the same houses. Although adults transmitted fewer parasites to mosquitoes than children, they received more mosquito bites, thus balancing their contribution to the infectious reservoir.

Details

Title
Examining the human infectious reservoir for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in areas of differing transmission intensity
Author
Gonçalves, Bronner P 1 ; Kapulu, Melissa C 2 ; Sawa, Patrick 3 ; Guelbéogo, Wamdaogo M 4 ; Tiono, Alfred B 4 ; Grignard, Lynn 1 ; Stone, Will 5 ; Hellewell, Joel 6 ; Lanke, Kjerstin 7 ; Bastiaens, Guido J H 7 ; Bradley, John 8 ; Issa Nébié 4 ; Ngoi, Joyce M 9 ; Oriango, Robin 3 ; Mkabili, Dora 9 ; Nyaurah, Maureen 3 ; Midega, Janet 10 ; Wirth, Dyann F 11 ; Marsh, Kevin 2 ; Churcher, Thomas S 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Bejon, Philip 2 ; Sirima, Sodiomon B 4 ; Drakeley, Chris 1 ; Bousema, Teun 5 

1  Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK 
2  Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Programme, Kilifi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK 
3  Human Health Division, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Western Kenya, Kenya 
4  Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 
5  Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 
6  MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis & Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK 
7  Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 
8  MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK 
9  Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Programme, Kilifi, Kenya 
10  Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Programme, Kilifi, Kenya; Centre for Genomics and Global Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK 
11  Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA 
Pages
1-11
Publication year
2017
Publication date
Oct 2017
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
e-ISSN
20411723
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01270-4
ProQuest document ID
1956017149
Copyright
© 2017. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.