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All the Pasha's Men: Mehmed Ali, His Army, and the Making of Modern Egypt. By Khaled Fahmy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-524-56007-1. Illustration. Notes Bibliography. Index. Pp. xviii, 334. $60.00. What role does the military play in fostering nationalism? This is a significant question posed by Khaled Fahmy in his examination of the nineteenth-century Egyptian army. Previous histories, most notably Afar Lufti al-Sayyid Marsot's Egypt and Muhammad Ali, argue that service in the armed forces helped turn rural peasants into Egyptians. Fahmy takes a contrary view, as evidenced by his constant reference to "Mehmed,"as opposed to "Muhammad" Ali. This correctly identifies one of the most important figures in modern Egyptian history for his Ottoman, rather than Arabic, background. Fahmy contends that neither Muhammad Ali, nor his son Ibrahim, had the slightest interest in creating a new nation....