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Abstract
Recent models propose deoxyribonucleic acid methylation of key neuro-regulatory genes as a molecular mechanism underlying the increased risk of mental disorder associated with early life adversity (ELA). The goal of this study was to examine the association of ELA with oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) methylation among young adults. Drawing from a 21-year longitudinal cohort, we compared adulthood OXTR methylation frequency of 46 adults (23 males and 23 females) selected for high or low ELA exposure based on childhood socioeconomic status and exposure to physical and sexual abuse during childhood and adolescence. Associations between OXTR methylation and teacher-rated childhood trajectories of anxiousness were also assessed. ELA exposure was associated with one significant CpG site in the first intron among females, but not among males. Similarly, childhood trajectories of anxiousness were related to one significant CpG site within the promoter region among females, but not among males. This study suggests that females might be more sensitive to the impact of ELA on OXTR methylation than males.
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1 Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP), University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
2 Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
3 Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP), University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
4 Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP), Laval University, Québec, Canada; Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation; School of Psychology, Laval University, Québec, Canada
5 Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP), University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM and Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
6 Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
7 Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP), University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
8 Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
9 Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP), University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; School of Public Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
10 Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP), University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
11 Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP), University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada