Precise predictions for the angular coefficients in Z-boson production at the LHC

Abstract

The angular distributions of lepton pairs in the Drell-Yan process can provide rich information on the underlying QCD production mechanisms. These dynamics can be parameterised in terms of a set of frame dependent angular coefficients, A_i=0,…,7, which depend on the invariant mass, transverse momentum, and rapidity of the lepton pair. Motivated by recent measurements of these coefficients by ATLAS and CMS, and in particular by the apparent violation of the Lam-Tung relation A₀ − A₂ = 0, we perform a precision study of the angular coefficients at O α s 3 in perturbative QCD. We make predic-tions relevant for pp collisions at s = 8 TeV, and perform comparisons with the available ATLAS and CMS data as well as providing predictions for a prospective measurement at LHCb. To expose the violation of the Lam-Tung relationship we propose a new observable Δ^LT = 1 − A₂/A₀ that is more sensitive to the dynamics in the region where A₀ and A₂ are both small. We find that the O α s 3 corrections have an important impact on the p_T,Z distributions for several of the angular coefficients, and are essential to provide an adequate description of the data. The compatibility of the available ATLAS and CMS data is reassessed by performing a partial χ² test with respect to the central theoretical prediction which shows that χ²/N_data is significantly reduced by going from O α s 2 to O α s 3.