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This is another in a series of columns addressing advanced basics in the understanding of the refrigeration cycle. In this column and the next (on July 4), we look at components.
This column will deal with the compressor, discharge line, and condenser. The July 4 column will focus on the receiver, liquid line, metering device, evaporator, and suction line. Details will be given about each component's function.
Mastering the function of each individual component can assist the technician with analytical troubleshooting skills. In the long run, this will save time and money for both technician and customer.
Compressor
Pumps refrigerant: One of the main functions of the compressor is to circulate refrigerant. Without the compressor as a refrigerant pump, refrigerant could not reach other system components to perform its heat transfer functions.
Separates pressures: Another function of the compressor is to separate the high-pressure side from the low-pressure side of the refrigeration system. Since a difference in pressure is the driving potential for fluid (gas or liquid) flow, there wouldn't be any refrigerant flow without a pressure separation.
Elevates temperature: Another function of the compressor is to raise the temperature of the refrigerant vapor above the ambient (surrounding) temperature. This is accomplished by adding work - or heat of compression - to the refrigerant vapor during the compression cycle. The temperature as well as the pressure of the refrigerant is being raised.
By elevating the refrigerant temperature above the ambient temperature, heat absorbed in the evaporator and suction line - and any heat of compression generated in the compression stroke - can be rejected to this lower-temperature ambient....