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Mariné Ortiz [1] and Diana María Escobar-Garcia [1] and Marco Antonio Álvarez-Pérez [2] and Amaury Pozos-Guillén [1] and Christian Grandfils [3] and Héctor Flores [1]

Academic Editor: Samuel M. Mugo

1, Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Stomatology, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico, uaslp.mx

2, Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate and Research Division Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

3, Interfacultary Research Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium, ulg.ac.be

Received May 25, 2017; Revised Oct 9, 2017; Accepted Oct 23, 2017

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

1. Introduction

The healing of damaged or diseased bone is still a challenge issue for orthopedic surgeon and craniofacial surgeon. To overcome reduced bone formation and healing, many have turned to regenerative medicine. Usually, autogenous bone grafting is the first choice for bridging the bone defect. The advantages are free of immunogenic response and completely biocompatible since it comes from patient himself. The disadvantages are limited donor source, donor site morbidities, and variable bone graft survival. Xenograft and allograft are alternative choices for the treatment. However, immunogenic reaction and inadequate bone regeneration due to incomplete resorption result in nonunion or pathologic fracture. Recently tissue engineering becomes a promising matter to improve bone defect reparation [1–4].

The tissue engineering approach is a promising strategy added in the field of bone regenerative medicine, which aims to generate new, cell-driven, functional tissues, rather than just to implant nonliving scaffolds. The manufacture of scaffolds mimicking the extracellular bone matrix, which is composed of collagen fibers, calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals, has not yet been resolved [5–7]. Scaffolds made from polymer fibers have many of the characteristics necessary for the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts [8–11]. Cell behavior can be influenced by the topography of fiber scaffolds; the organization, alignment, and direction of the fibers allow cells to attach to multiple textile walls due to their close interconnectivity and larger surface-area [12–15].

One of the goals of bone tissue engineering is to reproduce the biological and physiological conditions of bone within the...

    

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