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Introduction
The plants have been used to treat disease for many years, although healing properties and chemical constituents in many of them are still unknown. Various medicinal plants have been used to treat different diseases worldwide (1). Inflammation of liver is among series diseases that has been the focus of plant therapy in recent years. Some plants with therapeutic values are as follows: Silybum marianum (milk thistle), Picrorhiza kurroa (kutki), Curcuma longa (turmeric), Camellia sinensis (green tea), and Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) (2). Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) as a yellow substance in turmeric is obtained from the rhizome of Curcuma Longa Linn (Zingiberaceae), a perennial herb distributed mainly throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world (3). Curcumin modulates the biological activity of many signaling molecules. It has anti-cancer activities attributing to its antioxidant and anti- inflammatory properties (4). Inflammation of liver, oxidative stress (OS), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation and mitochondrial dysfunction are induced following hepatic injury, but it has been shown that curcumin may be protective against these abnormalities (5). Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in 5-18% of premenopausal women, which is characterized by hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction (6). It has been reported that insulin resistance (IR) may be involved in pathophysiological aspect of PCOS, but the exact mechanism of PCOS has not been fully understood yet (7). IR is characterized by a decrease in cellular ability to respond to insulin signaling and known as a basic pathophysiological mechanisms in development of metabolic complications of PCOS (8).
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of abnormal liver enzymes (9). IR of adipose tissue and reduced whole-body insulin sensitivity are induced by NAFLD. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) are elevated in obesity and insulin-resistant states. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the plasma levels of these two inflammatory cytokines are increased in subjects with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), whereas peripheral blood monocyte productions of TNF-α and IL-6 are increased in subjects with NASH (10). Due to influence of NAFLD and PCOS on fertility, it is very crucial to control these dysfunctional activities of liver for giving the best outcomes in the fertility life...