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Abstract
Insecticide resistance is a major challenge in successful insect pest control as the insects have the ability to develop resistance to various widely used insecticides. Butene-fipronil is a novel compound with high toxicity to insects and less toxicity to the non-target organisms. In the present study, the effect of butene-fipronil alone and in combination with three enzyme inhibitors, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), diethyl maleate (DEM), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP), was carried out on larvae and adults of Drosophilia melanogaster. Our results indicated that the co-toxicity indices of butene-fipronil + PBO, butene-fipronil + TPP, and butene-fipronil + DEM mixtures were 437.3, 335.0, and 210.3, respectively, in the second-instar larvae, while 186.6, 256.2, and 238.5, respectively, in the adults, indicating synergistic effects. Interestingly, butene-fipronil increased the expression of CYP28A5 in the larvae; CYP9F2, CYP304A1, CYP28A5, and CYP318A1 in the female adults; and CYP303A1 and CYP28A5 in the male adults. Furthermore, high-level expression of Est-7 was observed in the female adults compared to larvae and male adults. Our results suggest that there is no difference in butene-fipronil metabolism in larvae and male and female adults of D. melanogaster.
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1 Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China
2 Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
3 Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China
4 Entomological Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
5 College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
6 Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan
7 Sindh Agricultural University, Tandojam, Pakistan
8 Department of Entomology, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
9 College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
10 Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China