Content area
Full Text
Abstract
This article investigates the relationship between socialism and nationalism with a special emphasis on its Third Worldist variant. The Third Worldist orthodoxy of the post-colonial age blurred the boundaries between nationalism and socialism, with Third Worldist nationalism being an expression of resentment directed against imperialism and the uneven development produced by capitalism. Socialism was understood within this Third Worldist moment in terms of a nation's political and economic liberation from foreign imperialist powers and their internal collaborators. Socialism was seen as something which would make nations politically and economically independent and developed.
Key words: Third Worldism, socialism, national liberation, developmentalism.
Özet
Bu makale sosyalizm ve milliyetçilik arasındaki ilişkiyi, bu ilişkinin üçüncü dünyacı türüne özel bir vurgu yaparak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sömürgecilik sonrası dönemin üçüncü dünyacı ortodoksisi, milliyetçilikle sosyalizm arasındaki sınırları belirsizleştirmişti. Bu yaklaşımda, üçüncü dünyacı milliyetçilik emperyalizme ve kapitalizm tarafından üretilen eşitsiz gelişime karşı duyulan öfkenin siyasal ifadesi olarak görülüyordu. Yine bu yaklaşımda sosyalizm, milletin emperyalist güçlerden ve onların yerli işbirlikçilerinden siyasal ve ekonomik olarak kurtuluşu şeklinde anlaşılmaktaydı. Sosyalizm, milleti siyasal ve ekonomik olarak bağımsız ve gelişmiş yapacak bir kalkınma stratejisi olarak görülüyordu.
Anahtar kelimeler: Üçüncü dünyacılık; sosyalizm; milli kurtuluş; kalkınmacılık.
1. Introduction
In his work, The National Question in Marxist-Leninist Theory and Strategy, Walker Connor (1984: 19-20) points to three different strains of thought within the Marxist legacy in terms of its relationship to the national question. These strains can be read in a chronological sequence as the historical and intellectual sources of the gravitation of socialism towards nationalism from the mid-19th century to the post-colonial era. The first strain is represented by the "classical Marxism" of Marx and Engels and their leading disciples, which emphasized the primacy and indispensability of class struggle, therefore seeing socialism as being irreconcilable with nationalism. The second strain, generalizing the principle of the recognition of the right of self-determination in the realm of action, seems to have been crystallized in the historical experience of the Russian Revolution, opening the door to the implementation of socialism first in Asia and then in other geographies of what would later become the Third World. The third strain is represented by the "national Marxism" of Stalinism, which propagated the idea of "national" communism and the model of developmentalist state socialism/capitalism in...