Abstract

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is critical for cell proliferation and differentiation in dental pulp. Here, we show the dynamic mechanisms of TGF-β in porcine dental pulp, odontoblasts and dentin. The mRNA of latent TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 is predominantly expressed in odontoblasts, whereas the mRNA expression level of latent TGF-β2 is high in dental pulp. TGF-β1 is a major isoform of TGF-β, and latent TGF-β1, synthesized in dental pulp, is primarily activated by matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11). Activated TGF-β1 enhances the mRNA expression levels of MMP20 and full-length dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) in dental pulp cells, coinciding with the induction of odontoblast differentiation. Latent TGF-β1 synthesized in odontoblasts is primarily activated by MMP2 and MMP20 in both odontoblasts and dentin. The activity level of TGF-β1 was reduced in the dentin of MMP20 null mice, although the amount of latent TGF-β1 expression did not change between wild-type and MMP20 null mice. TGF-β1 activity was reduced with the degradation of DSPP-derived proteins that occurs with ageing. We propose that to exert its multiple biological functions, TGF-β1 is involved in a complicated dynamic interaction with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and/or DSPP-derived proteins present in dental pulp, odontoblasts and dentin.

Details

Title
The dynamics of TGF-β in dental pulp, odontoblasts and dentin
Author
Niwa, Takahiko 1 ; Yamakoshi, Yasuo 2 ; Yamazaki, Hajime 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Karakida, Takeo 2 ; Chiba, Risako 2 ; Hu, Jan C-C 4 ; Nagano, Takatoshi 1 ; Yamamoto, Ryuji 2 ; Simmer, James P 4 ; Margolis, Henry C 3 ; Gomi, Kazuhiro 1 

1  Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan 
2  Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan 
3  The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA 
4  Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 
Pages
1-14
Publication year
2018
Publication date
Mar 2018
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
e-ISSN
20452322
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22823-7
ProQuest document ID
2013675186
Copyright
© 2018. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.