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The purpose of this study is to discover the influence of Beethoven’s cello sonatas in the transitional period of the cello. Beethoven’s five cello sonatas are evenly distributed across three distinct parts of his life and composing career. Beethoven’s cello sonata Op. 5 No. 2, one of his first sonata works, is a pioneering work in the history of piano-accompanied classical cello sonata and serves as one of the most significant pieces in the cello literature. His cello sonata Op. 102 No. 5, one of his last sonata works, shows how an accompaniment instrument that was part of basso continuo became as solo instrument. By comparing Beethoven’s cello sonata Op. 5 No. 2 and Op. 102 No. 5, not only his life and composing career could identified but also how Beethoven contributed at a transitional point in cello literature.