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Abstract
What does it mean for a woman to experience perimenopause? Some women pass through perimenopause with relative ease while others report hot flashes and multiple disruptive symptoms. The physiological, psychological, and social variables that influence women during the change of life have not been fully examined. Using a phenomenological method of inquiry, this study explored the reflective, lived experiences of 3 perimenopausal women. Interpretation of the data revealed five explanatory themes: (1) Unpredictable Symptoms; (2) Lack of Information; (3) Influence of Others; (4) Fear of Growing Old; and (5) Making the Transition. The results of this study may be obtained from the author: [email protected].
Introduction
Aim of the Study
Perimenopause is often portrayed as the onset of old age, a time for mid-life crisis, and the loss of attractiveness, vigor, and worth. These years are associated with transitions that include psychological and physical changes and loss. They can be confusing, value laden, and disruptive. It is no surprise that perimenopause is stressful for so many women. Using a phenomenological method of inquiry, the aim of this study was to reach a greater understanding of what it means to experience perimenopause.
Phenomenon of Interest
The phenomenon investigated was an exploration of what women experience during perimenopause.
The investigation defined perimenopause as "the period extending from the first signs of menopause, usually hot flashes, to beyond the complete cessation of menses (1 year beyond)" (Smeltzer & Bare, 1992, p. 1244). This transition can last from less than one year to ten years or longer.
During perimenopause, estrogen levels decline leading to changes in physical appearance such as diminished skin turgor and muscle mass, altered vision, and graying hair. Many women gain weight. Most experience hot flashes.
Women also notice less visible-changes, such as mood swings and depression. Some complain of vaginal dryness and atrophy, as well as distressing urinary symptoms. The risk for osteoporosis, breast cancer, and cardiac events increases.
Perceived Justification
Because perimenopause was once (and remains, to some extent) a taboo topic, millions of mid-life women may not be adequately informed to cope with associated changes. Most medical and nursing research reports focus on treating physiological changes with medications. Very little is reported about research on what American women actually experience during perimenopause.
Assumptions