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Abstract
Environmental conflicts are becoming more frequent, complex and intense in biodiverse countries such as Colombia, caused by historical-institutional failures of the state, fostering actions that run counter to the biophysical potential of a territory, with high social, cultural and ecological impacts that are irreversible in most cases. This situation has been exacerbated in Andean watersheds with areas dedicated to conservation, where socio-economic and cultural dynamics exist, as well as factors that lead to conflicts. This article proposes the analysis of the environmental conflict in the supply of surface water in the Guabas river basin, Colombia, based on the Socio-ecological Systems (SSE) approach, emphasizing the dynamics that, at the ecosystem and social level, have been developed in this basin during the period 1936 - 2016, with primary and secondary information. It was concluded that, even if 96.8% of the flow of the Guabas river is destined for crop irrigation, there is a recurrent water deficit for crops in the flat area of the basin in the months of June, July and August, calculating a Water use index for 2007 of "High" and, for 2016, "Very High". The ecosystem service of the surface water supply was 6.4% of the total conservation value of the basin and its ecosystem services. On the other hand, the ecological, cultural and amenity ecosystem services have not been studied. The structural causes of the conflict are the contradictory decisions of the state in declaring a protected zone in the area that was later institutionally forgotten, and the rigid environmental governance schemes that generated environmental and territorial over-planning and dispersion of participation spaces, which caused low incidence in the collective transformation of the environmental conflicts of the territory.