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Abstract- Vehicle tracking is one of the important research topic in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Traffic flow management and monitoring of vehicles is possible by tracking the vehicles efficiently. Different tracking techniques are used depending on type of applications. In this paper, we have reviewed and presented the different techniques with different methods, platforms and algorithm used for tracking of vehicles. GPS based tracking technique is used most commonly, but other techniques like RFID, Cellular network based, Smartphone based and VANETs based tracking techniques are also reviewed. Parameter based comparison between different tracking technique is presented. For future development, cost effective crowdsource based vehicle tracking system is also discussed, which will meet the future needs of ITS services.
Keywords-ITS; Vehicle Tracking; GPS; GSM; RFID; Smartphone.
I. INTRODUCTION
Intelligent transportation system (ITS) is the important research topic nowadays, which is the combination of virtual technologies to improve the transportation management. Tracking of vehicle provides the location monitoring of vehicles which is one of the important application of ITS. We can monitor and manage the vehicles by tracking them which can be helpful in reducing the road traffic congestion, waiting time, fuel consumption and accidents.
Various types of techniques are used for vehicle tracking including GPS based tracking [1], Wireless network based tracking [2,3] radio frequency identification (RFID) based tracking [4,5] and android smartphone based tracking [6]. Some of the techniques provide real time vehicle location information while other techniques provide tracking information via messages. Some of the tracking systems use smartphone application to show the current position of vehicle on map. In this paper, a brief review about these mentioned tracking techniques is presented. Different potential factors, e.g. technology, methodology, cost, advantages and limitations of each tracking technique is reviewed and compared.
Smartphone usage ratio is increased in recent years according to the researches in [7] shows that the Android usage rate is 84.7%, iOS was at 11.7% and Windows phone was at 2.5% in 2014. As Android based smartphone usage ratio is increasing day by day and almost all passengers of vehicles are using smartphones, so some transport management system also developed android application [6,8] for their transportation system which helps the passengers in tracking their desired vehicles. Regarding smartphone based tracking systems, some...