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Abstract
Monoclonal lymphocytic expression secondary to chronic antigenic stimulation, cytokine production leading to granuloma formation and a cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction have been suggested. [...]line treatment modalities include biologics (infliximab, adlimumab), clofazamine, oral corticosteroids with minocycline or metronidazole. [...]line therapies include thalidomide, hydroxychloroquine, tranilast and danazol. [9] It induces a significant decrease in delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, phagocytic activity (assessed by phagocytic capacity and phagocytic index) as well as tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion by peritoneal macrophages.