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The article discusses the views of two French philosophers – A. Badiou and J. Rancière – on the problem of correlation between politics and philosophy, highlighted in their latest publications. The authors indicate that the concept of justice plays the key role which allows to identify specific ways of apprehension of politics and philosophy. Badiou understands justice as the idea, according to which equality is more important than liberty. Ranciиre interprets justice as the political value, which determines the extent of participation of social actors in the public good. The represented philosophical and political conceptions of A. Badiou and J. Rancière are interesting by their analysis of discursive foundations of justice and politics, but do not contain the formulated projects on improving people's lives.