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Abstract. The discharge of ballast water by commercial vessels had affected the appearence of Non-Indigenous Species (NIS). Heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Zn were found within the ballast water discharged by the commercial vessels berthed in Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang (PTES). The research was aimed to formulate the model and strategy applied in the implementation of Ballast Water Management (BWM) in both domestic and foreign commercial vessels in PTES waters. The new model was supposed to replace the existed model. Random sampling method was used to determine the research sample. Questionnaire and interviews were employed as the data collection method. In order to identify the strategy, the data were then analyzed by using SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat) analysis. Ballast Water Treatment (BWT) Technology had been analyzed and applied to determine an appropriate model for BWT in PTES, too. In this case, the Harbour Master and Port Authority Office (HMPAO) of Tanjung Emas can possibly apply a defensive strategy. This strategy emphasizes on the improvement of Port State Control (PSC) and penalties. In order to maintain the vessel stability, container vessels, passanger vessels, and Roll On/Roll Off (Ro-Ro) vessels are recommended to apply freshwater within their ballast tanks. Moreover, a BWT facility has also been provided by the port administrator, Pelindo III company, for bulk carrier and tanker vessels to discharge their ballast water.
Key Words: ballast water, commercial vessels, SWOT analysis, BWM implementation, model and strategy.
Introduction. The discharge of ballast water by commercial vessels had affected the appearence of Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) such as Undaria pinnatifida, a algae native to north west Pacific, which was spread out to Port of Phillip Bay in Australia (Primo et al 2010); oriental shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus in Orwell estuary, England; and snow crab Chionoecetes opilio in the eastern of Barents Sea (Ashelby et al 2004; Alvsvag et al 2009). The total annual loss caused by NIS to agriculture, human health, and environment in Southeast Asia is estimated to be US$ 33.5 billion (5th and 95th percentile US$ 25.8-39.8 billion) (Nghiem et al 2013).
Heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Zn were found within the ballast water discharged by the commercial vessels berthed in Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang (PTES). The content of the heavy metal...