Abstract
Background: Common mental disorders, such as mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, are significant contributors to disability globally, including India. Available research is, however, limited by methodological issues and heterogeneities. Aim: The present paper focuses on the 12-month prevalence and 12-month treatment for anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders in India. Materials and Methods: As part of the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative, in India, the study was conducted at eleven sites. However, the current study focuses on the household sample of 24,371 adults (≥18 years) of eight districts of different states, covering rural and urban areas. Respondents were interviewed face-to-face using the WMH Composite International Diagnostic Interview after translation and country-specific adaptations. Diagnoses were generated as per the International Classification of Diseases, 10thedition, Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Results: Nearly 49.3% of the sample included males. The 12-month prevalence of common mental disorders was 5.52% - anxiety disorders (3.41%), mood disorders (1.44%), and substance use disorders (1.18%). Females had a relatively higher prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders, and lower prevalence of substance use disorders than males. The 12-month treatment for people with common mental disorders was 5.09% (range 1.66%–11.55% for individual disorders). The survey revealed a huge treatment gap of 95%, with only 5 out of 100 individuals with common mental disorders receiving any treatment over the past year. Conclusion: The survey provides valuable data to understand the mental health needs and treatment gaps in the Indian population. Despite the 12-month prevalence study being restricted to selected mental disorders, these estimates are likely to be conservative due to under-reporting or inadequate detection due to cultural factors.
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1 Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
2 Department of Psychiatry, Jawarharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry
3 Department of Psychiatry, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam
4 Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra
5 Department of Psychiatry, RIMS, Imphal, Manipur
6 Department of Psychiatry, PGIMER, Chandigarh
7 Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand
8 Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College and Sir T Hospital, Bhavnagar, Gujarat
9 Department of Psychiatry, Sri Venkateswara Medical College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh
10 Deceased, Department of Psychiatry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
11 Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Benguluru, Karnataka
12 Director General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi
13 Department of Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva