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Abstract
Modifiable hydrogels have revealed tremendous insight into how physical characteristics of cells’ 3D environment drive stem cell lineage specification. However, in native tissues, cells do not passively receive signals from their niche. Instead they actively probe and modify their pericellular space to suit their needs, yet the dynamics of cells’ reciprocal interactions with their pericellular environment when encapsulated within hydrogels remains relatively unexplored. Here, we show that human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSC) encapsulated within hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels modify their surroundings by synthesizing, secreting and arranging proteins pericellularly or by degrading the hydrogel. hMSC’s interactions with this local environment have a role in regulating hMSC fate, with a secreted proteinaceous pericellular matrix associated with adipogenesis, and degradation with osteogenesis. Our observations suggest that hMSC participate in a bi-directional interplay between the properties of their 3D milieu and their own secreted pericellular matrix, and that this combination of interactions drives fate.
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1 Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, UK
2 Protein Analysis and Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
3 Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, UK; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
4 Bioengineering and Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology and BioMediTech Institute, Tampere, Finland
5 Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
6 Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
7 Department of Haemato-Oncology, Rayne Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
8 Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
9 Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, King’s College London, London, UK
10 Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Toronto, Canada