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1. Introduction
It is the common character of human beings that they will interact with each other at the workplace. They may behave in a positive way or their attitude may be negative. When there exists negative interpersonal behaviors within the workplace, it is named as toxic workplace (Pierce and Balasubramanian, 2015). From the extensive review of literature, we have explored that employees can be categorized as “stars” who substantially increase organizational output and “toxic workers” who simply can be a bad fit for the organizational fate (Housman and Minor, 2015; Oettl, 2012; Sauermann and Cohen, 2010). Scholars proved that 80 per cent issues and concerns regarding employees’ productivity relate to the type of work environment in which they operationalize their assigned task (Akinyele, 2007; Sergio et al., 2013).
An employee’s workplace environment is a key determinant of the quality of their work and their level of productivity. How well the workplace engages an employee impacts their desire to learn skills and their level of motivation to perform. In a world of increasingly global competition among companies and even among countries, the good performance of human resources is needed. Employees’ performance is influenced by a lot of aspects such as motivation, work environment and leadership in the organization (Mazzola et al., 2011). Working environment can be classified into two major spectrums; collaborative workplace environment and toxic workplace environment (Dixit and Bhati, 2012; Ermongkonchai, 2010; MacLean et al., 2010). At the positive spectrum, collaborative workplace environment refers to the high spirit workplace using community-centered approach in which employees and employers have an emotional tone of relationship that creates physical and psychological well-being of employees. On the negative spectrum, toxic workplace environment induces repulsive experiences which lead to the negative, adverse and poor employee, as well as organizational, outcomes (Odunlade, 2012; Winter, 2009). The scientists described certain characteristics of the working environment as being factors of toxicity in the workplace. The studies confirmed the clear links between toxic work place and stress (Fagan et al., 2012; Kawano, 2008; Mazzola et al., 2011). Job stress is defined as “the change in one’s physical or mental state in response to the workplace that pose a clear challenge or threat to that employee’s wellbeing” (Colligan...