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ABSTRAK

Kajian dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh optimistik, kecekapan kendiri umum, sokongan sosial dan afek positif-negatif ke atas kebahagiaan remaja miskin di Sabah. Kajian rintis dijalankan ke atas 110 remaja miskin. Terdapat lima set soal selidik yang digunakan, iaitu Extended Life Orientation Test (ELOT) mengukur optimistik, General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) mengukur efikasi kendiri umum, Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors (ISSB)-Short Form mengukur sokongan sosial, Positive Affective and Negative Affective Schedule (PANAS) mengukur afek positif dan negatif, dan Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) mengukur kebahagiaan. Analisis kebolehpercayaan dijalankan adalah melihat kepada pekali Cronbach Alfa menggunakan Statistical Packages of Social Science (SPSS) versi 21. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa Extended Life Orientation Test (ELOT) menunjukkan nilai Cronbach Alfa 0.697, General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) sebanyak 0.704, Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors (ISSB)-Short Form sebanyak 0.925 dan Positive Affective and Negative Affective Schedule (PANAS) sebanyak 0.730. Manakala, bagi alat kajian pemboleh ubah terikat Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) menunjukkan nilai sebanyak 0.823. Analisis inferensi mendapati sokongan sosial lebih mempengaruhi kebahagiaan remaja miskin, iaitu sebanyak 20.2%. Dapatan juga mendapati afek positif mempunyai kesan mediator antara hubungan optimistik dan kebahagiaan remaja miskin di Sabah.

Kata Kunci: Optimistik, Kecekapan Kendiri Umum, Sokongan Sosial, Afek Positif dan Negatif, Kebahagiaan

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of optimism, general self-efficiency, social support and positive-negative effect on happiness among poverty adolescents in Sabah. A pilot study carried out on 110 poor adolescents. There are five sets of questionnaires were used, namely; Extended Life Orientation Test (LOT) to measures optimistic, General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSEs) to measure general self-efficacy, Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors (SSB) -short Form measuring social support, Positive Affective and negative Affective Schedule (HEAT) to measure positive and negative affect, and Oxford happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) measure of happiness. Reliability analysis was conducted to see the Cronbach Alpha coefficients using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 21. The study found that the Extended Life Orientation Test (LOT) shows the Cronbach Alfa 0.697, General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSEs) of 0.704, Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors (SSB) -short Form of 0.925 and Positive and Negative Affective Affective Schedule (PANAS) of 0.730. Meanwhile, for Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) showed 0.823 of Cronbach Alpha. The inferential analysis found that social support affects more on happiness among poverty...

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