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This is the first part of a 2-part discussion on weightlifting and will describe the historical and scientific background of the sport.
Keywords: youth weightlifting; talent identification; strength; power
Before we can begin a meaningful discussion of weightlifting it is pertinent to begin with appropriate definitions. For the purpose of this discussion the appropriate term for training with added resistance/load is resistance training (RT). RT can be used as a general term to describe training with different modes. These modes can include free weights and machines. Weight training is a general term and a type of RT used to describe methods/modes in which a load (weight) is actually lifted; this could include free weights or a weight stack.
The general term RT also includes various training methods having diverse goals. These methods include training for rehabilitation/injury prevention, general fitness and recreational sports, bodybuilding, and competitive sports. From the aspect of competitive sports this includes the following:
* Using RT as an integral part of training for sports other than powerlifting or weightlifting.
* Using RT for powerlifting. Powerlifting is actually a strength sport in which 3 lifts are contested. The 3 lifts, in order of execution in a contest, are the squat, bench press, and deadlift.
* Using RT for weightlifting. Weightlifting is a strength/power sport in which 2 lifts are contested. The 2 lifts, in order of execution in a contest, are the snatch and the clean and jerk. Weightlifting (one word) should not be confused with weight lifting (2 words) or weight training. Weightlifting refers to a specific sport, whereas weight lifting refers simply to lifting a weight (44). In this context weightlifting is often referred to as Olympic lifting; however, this terminology is misleading in that all weightlifting does not occur in the Olympics. Furthermore, none of the governing bodies (international or national) use the term "Olympic lifting" in their name. Governing bodies consistently use the term weightlifting (e.g., USA Weightlifting, Australian Weightlifting Federation, International Weightlifting Federation [IWF]).
Several performance-associated characteristics impact the ability to perform as a weight-lifter. These characteristics include strength, rate of force development, and power.
Strength can be defined as the ability to produce force, and this force can be isometric or dynamic (58, 61). Because...