Registration of PR9745-232 and RMC-3 Red-Mottled Dry Bean Germplasm lines with Resistance to Bean golden yellow mosaic virus

Abstract

GP-243, PI 639868 with resistance to Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV), a whitefly [Bemisisa tabaci (Gennadius)]-transmitted begomovirus, were developed and released cooperatively by the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Puerto Rico (AES-UPR) and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). A 193, A 483, and PVA 800A have large seed, resistance to anthracnose [caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-Scrib.] at Popayan, Colombia, high yield potential, and upright architecture; MAM 48 has small pinto seed and tolerance to angular leaf spot [caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferr.], anthracnose, common bacterial blight, powdery mildew, rust, and low soil fertility.

Red-mottled common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm lines PR9745-232 (Reg. no. GP-242, PI 639721) and RMC-3 (Reg. no. GP-243, PI 639868) with resistance to Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV), a whitefly [Bemisisa tabaci (Gennadius)]-transmitted begomovirus, were developed and released cooperatively by the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Puerto Rico (AES-UPR) and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT).

PR9745-232 was derived from the double-cross 'Indeterminate Jamaica Red' (PI 163122)/PR9180-25C//DOR 482/ PR9231-94. Indeterminate Jamaica Red is a pink-striped landrace with a Type III growth habit and heat tolerance. PR9180-25C is a red-mottled breeding line selected for heat tolerance and resistance to common bacterial blight [caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Smith) Vauterin et al. (syn. = X. campestris pv. phaseoli)]. DOR 482, released in Central America as 'Don Silvio', is a small (<25 g 100-seed weight^sup -1^) red breeding line with the recessive bgm-1 allele, first identified in pinto bean breeding line A 429 (Blair and Beaver, 1993), for resistance to leaf yellowing and chlorosis caused by BGYMV (Velez et al., 1998). DOR 482 also has the I allele for resistance to BCMV. Furthermore, Molina-Castañeda and Beaver (1998) found DOR 482 to have the dominant Bgp-1 allele for resistance to pod deformation induced by BGYMV. PR9231-94 is a high-yielding line with commercially acceptable red-mottled seed. The double-cross was made at the Isabela, Puerto Rico, Substation in October 1994. The F^sub 1^ was planted at Isabela in January 1995 and individual plants were selected based on seed and plant type from an F^sub 2^ nursery planted at the same location in October 1995. Pedigree selection for agronomic traits and disease resistance was used from the F^sub 3^ to F^sub 5^, whereupon seed from the F^sub 4:5^ plant-to-progeny row identified as PR9745-232 was bulked. The breeding line was planted at the Isabela Substation during the summer of 1998 to screen for heat tolerance and resistance to BGYMV.

On a 1-to-9 disease rating scale in which 1 is resistant and 9 is highly susceptible (CIAT, 1987) PR9745-232 had an average BGYMV score of 1.0 in the Dominican Republic in 1998, 1999, and 2000, and in Haiti in 1999 (PROFRIJOL, 2001). However, under severe pressure, a few plants of PR9745-232 developed BGYMV symptoms at Bastidas, Dominican Republic, and at Salagnac, Haiti, in 2003. Nevertheless, the level of BGYMV infection of PR9745-232 was significantly less than in susceptible red-mottled cultivars. PR9745-232 was also resistant to rust [caused by Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.:Pers.) Unger] at Isabela, Puerto Rico; at San Juan de la Maguana, Dominican Republic; and at Damian, Haiti. The presence of the SCAR marker SW13 suggested that PR9745-232 has the / allele for resistance to Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), a potyvirus. This was confirmed when PR9745-232 expressed whole-plant systemic top necrosis when inoculated in the greenhouse with the NL3 strain of Bean common mosaic necrotic virus (BCMNV). PR9745-232 was susceptible to powdery mildew [caused by Erysiphe polygoni DC.] in a few field trials in Haiti and the Dominican Republic, and was susceptible to web blight [caused by Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk. (anamorph: Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)] in trials planted in Puerto Rico during the summer.

The mean seed yield of PR9745-232 in the field trials planted in Colombia from 2000 to 2002 was 1366 kg ha^sup -1^ whereas the mean seed yield of PC 50 was 1165 kg ha^sup -1^. In the Dominican Republic, the mean seed yield of PR9745-232 from 1999 to 2002 was 1397 kg ha^sup -1^ whereas the mean seed yield of PC 50 was 1523 kg ha^sup -1^. The mean seed yield of PR9745-232 in Haiti in 2000 and 2002 was 1029 kg ha^sup -1^ whereas the mean seed yield of PC 50 was 878 kg ha^sup -1^. In Puerto Rico, the mean seed yield of PR9745-232 in 1998, 2000, and 2002 was 1417 kg ha^sup -1^ whereas the mean seed yield of PC 50 was 905 kg ha^sup -1^.

PR9745-232 has a seed type typical of the "Pompadour" red-mottled dry bean market class with a 100-seed weight of 30.2 g. PR9745-232 has an indeterminate Type III growth habit. PR9745-232 flowers at 35 d and reaches harvest maturity at 71 d after planting in Puerto Rico.

RMC-3 is an F5-derived breeding line developed by gamete selection (Singh, 1994) from a multiple-parent population, namely 'DIACOL CalimaY/MAM 48/A 483/4/PVA 800A/3/ EMP 376///A 193//NW 63/A 429. DIACOL Calima (synonymous G 4494) with large red-mottled seed and a determinate Type I growth habit was released in Colombia in 1966 (Voysest, 2000). Breeding lines A 193, A 483, PVA 800A, MAM 48, EMP 476, and A 429 were developed at CIAT, Cali, Colombia. All have an indeterminate Type II or III growth habit. A 193, A 483, and PVA 800A have large seed, resistance to anthracnose [caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-Scrib.] at Popayan, Colombia, high yield potential, and upright architecture; MAM 48 has small pinto seed and tolerance to angular leaf spot [caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferr.], anthracnose, common bacterial blight, powdery mildew, rust, and low soil fertility. EMP 476 has leafhopper (Empoasca kraemeri Ross & Moore) tolerance and small red seed. In addition, A 483, PVA 800A, MAM 48, EMP 476, and A 429 have the 7 allele for resistance to BCMV. 'NW 63' was developed at USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA. NW 63 has medium-sized red seed, Type III growth habit, high harvest index, and tolerance to low soil fertility. As noted earlier, A 429 has the recessive resistance allele bgm-1 for BGYMV. The multiple-parent F^sub 1^ was planted at CIAT-Quilichao, Colombia, in 1997 and individual plants were selected based on seed type. Mass selection within F^sub 1^-derived F^sub 2^ to F^sub 4^ families was practiced for plant type, seed type, and resistance to diseases at Quilichao and Popayan. Single plant selection for the same traits were made in the F^sub 5^, in 1999, and seed of the Fs-derived line was increased in the F^sub 6^ and F^sub 7^ by bulk harvesting all plants within the row, and named RMC-3. RMC-3 was resistant to BGYMV in the Dominican Republic and Haiti in 2001 and 2002 with average infection level below 20% and an average score of 2.2, based on the CIAT 1-to-9 scale, in which 1 is resistant and 9 is highly susceptible. RMC-3 was also resistant to a new BGYMV-related geminivirus found recently at 1000 m elevation at Pradera, Valle, Colombia (C. Cardona, F. Morales, pers. communication, 2003). In addition to BGYMV resistance, RMC-3 had a high level of resistance to rust in San Juan de la Maguana, Dominican Republic and Tumbaco, Ecuador; and moderate resistance to common bacterial blight under field inoculation in Colombia. This line was yield tested in Colombia and in the Caribbean in regional performance trials. The mean seed yield of RMC 3 in field trials planted in Colombia from 2000 to 2002 was 1608 kg ha^sup -1^ whereas the mean seed yield of PC50 was 1165 kg ha^sup -1^. In 2000, mean seed yield of RMC-3 in the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Puerto Rico was 967, 1104, and 1304 kg ha^sup -1^, respectively, whereas the mean seed yields of PC-50 were 1367, 1175, and 951 kg ha^sup -1^.

RMC-3 has red-mottled seed intermediate between the rounded Pompadour and the more elongated DIACOL Calima with an average 100-seed weight of 34.5 g. RMC-3 has an indeterminate Type II growth habit. RMC-3 flowers in 38 d and reaches harvest maturity at 80 d after planting in Colombia.

The presence of the SCAR marker SR2 (Urrea et al., 1996) in PR9745-232 and RMC-3 confirmed that both have the recessive allele bgm-1 for resistance to BGYMV, whereas the absence of the SCAR marker SW12 suggests that neither breeding line has the QTL associated with resistance to BGYMV found in some Central American black-seeded landraces such as Porrillo Sintetico and Turrialba-1 and their derived breeding lines and cultivars (Miklas et al., 2000).

PR9745-232 and RMC-3 will be useful germplasm for regions of Latin America where red-mottled beans are preferred and where BGYMV is prevalent and emerging bean-infecting geminiviruses have been found.

Limited quantities of seed are available from the corresponding author. We ask that appropriate recognition of source be given when this germplasm contributes to the development of a new cultivar or breeding line.

References

References

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Molina-Castañeda, A., and J.S. Beaver. 1998. Inheritance of normal pod development in bean golden mosaic resistant common beans. Annu. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 41:5-6.

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Singh, S.P. 1994. Gamete selection for simultaneous improvement of multiple traits in common bean. Crop Sci. 34:352-355.

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Velez, J., M.J. Bassett, J.S. Beaver, and A. Molina. 1998. Inheritance of resistance to bean golden mosaic virus in common bean. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 123:628-631.

Voysest, O. 2000. Mejoramiento genético del frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Legado de variedades de América Latina 1930-1999. CIAT, Cali, Colombia.