Registration of 'Bribri' small red bean (race mesoamerica)

'Bribri' small red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Reg. no. CV-201, PI 619437) was developed by the Escuela Agricola Panamericana (EAP), Zamorano, Honduras, and released in Costa Rica by the Bean Research and Technology Transfer Program (PITTA-Frijol, acronyms in Spanish) in July 2000 as a good yielding, well adapted to low soil fertility, and disease resistant cultivar.

Bribri was an F^sub 2:6^ derived line from the cross RAB310/ XAN155//DOR3911`Pompadour G'. RAB310, XAN155 and DOR391 are small red bean breeding lines derived from the crosses DOR364/SEL277/BAT1514, BAT930/BAT93 and DOR367//DOR364/IN101, respectively (CIAT, 1995). Pompadour G is a red mottled landrace collected by the Bean/ Cowpea CRSP Program in the Dominican Republic. DOR lines mentioned here were selected as resistant to the bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGMYV) (Beebe et al., 1996).

The F^sub 1^ was advanced in a screen house facility. Individual F^sub 2^ plants were selected under field condition at Zamorano for erect plant architecture, early-intermediate maturity, and commercial small red, race Mesoamerica seed type. The F^sub 3^ to F^sub 6^ were evaluated at Zamorano during 1992-1993, for the previously mentioned traits, as well as for resistance to natural incidence of Beancommon mosaic virus (BCMV) and anthracnose [caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-Scrib.], and artificial inoculations with local isolates of common bacterial blight (CBB) [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye]; the best plants from the selected families were harvested in bulk. The selected F^sub 6^-F^sub 7^ families were screened for resistance to BGYMV in field trials conducted at Comayagua, Honduras. Advanced lines trials were conducted in 1994 at five different sites in Honduras; these trials indicated that the breeding line coded MD 23-24 was resistant to BCMV and moderately resistance to anthracnose, BGYMV, CBB, and angular leaf spot [caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferraris], and had superior grain yield when compared with local check cultivars.

During 1994-1995, Bribri was tested at 15 locations throughout Honduras as part of the National Bean Yield and Adaptation Nursery (VINAR), yielding an average of 1926 kg ha^sup -1^, while the universal check (DOR 364) and local checks yielded 1903 and 1543 kg ha^sup -1^, respectively. From 1996 to 1998, Bribri was included in the Adaptation Nursery (VIDAC) and the Yield and Adaptation Trial (ECAR) distributed to Central America and Caribbean countries members of the Regional Bean Research Network (PROFRIJOL).

Bribri was extensively evaluated in Costa Rica from 1996 to 1999. A great number of field trials were conducted at experimental stations and in farmer fields to determine its yield potential, disease resistant, and agronomic performance. Bribri was evaluated at several locations at altitudes ranging from 43 to 960 m and in the two main life zones, tropical wet and low mountainous tropical rain forests. At the second life zone, the most important regarding bean production and area planted, average temperatures vary from 22 to 27 deg C and annual rainfall from 1800 to 3600 mm; small bean farms are common and the majority of soils are ultisols of low fertility.

The verification and validation trials were conducted in nine and 11 locations of Costa Rica, respectively. Since farmer fields as well as traditional production practices were used, most trials of Bribri were conducted without adding fertilizers or applying fungicides. Under these conditions, Bribri outyielded the local check cultivars in 67 and 80% of the trials, respectively. The average experimental yield of Bribri varied from 939 to 1811 kg ha^sup -1^ (Araya et al., 1997-2000); in farmer trials, Bribri yields ranged from 972 to 1930 kg ha^sup -1^ (Hernandez et al., 2000). In trials conducted in the north pacific coastal area, under temperatures higher than those normally present at traditional bean production regions, Bribri was among the few good yielding, heat tolerant lines (Rosas et al., 2000).

Results from numerous trials, suggested that the agronomic potential of Bribri was mainly attributed to its good productivity under low soil fertility, as well as its tolerance to angular leaf spot and web blight [caused by Thanatephorus cucumeris (A.B. Frank) Donk]. Bribri is recommended for the Brunca and North Huetar bean production regions of Costa Rica.

Bribri has an indeterminate bush, short vine Type II growth habit. Bribri is a midseason line, flowering at 38 to 41 d after planting (DAP) and maturing at 68 to 72 DAP. Stem color is green at vegetative stages turning pink at physiological maturity. Pod color is green at pod filling with pink shades at physiological maturity. Bribri plants are easily to thresh mechanically.

Bribri has an ovoid seed, averaging 20 g 100 seed^sup -1^. Dry seed color is shiny red. Results from surveys and tests conducted with farmers and consumers found Bribri to have good commercial value and cooking qualities including good flavor, thick broad and short cooking time.

Small quantities of Breeder seed may be obtained from the corresponding author. Plant variety protection will not be sought for this cultivar.

References

References

References

Araya, C.M., R. Araya, A. Morales, 0. Acuna, G. Flores, J.C. Hernandez, and H. Blanco. 1997-2000. Informe Tecnico Anual, POA 1997-98,1998-99 and 1999-2000. Programa de Investigaci6n y Transferencia de Tecnologia Agropecuaria de Frijol (PITTA- Frijol), San Jose, Costa Rica (manuscripts).

Beebe, S.E., I. Ochoa, P. Skroch, J. Nienhuis, and J. Twang. 1996. Genetic diversity among common bean breeding lines developed for Central America. Crop Sci. 35:1178-1183.

CIAT (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical). 1995. Catalog of advanced lines from CIAT. 2nd ed. M. Rodriguez, H.F. Ranurez, M.C. Valencia, ON. Voysest and J.W. White (comps.). CIAT, Cali, Colombia.

Hernandez, J.C., M. Acosta, S. Jimenez, W. Pizarro, P. Murillo, 0. Villegas, P. Martinez, C. Xatruch, and L. Vargas. 2000. Validaci6n del cultivar MD 23-24 en dos localidades de Costa Rica. In Archivos Tecnicos. Direccion de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia. San Jose, Costa Rica.

Rosas, J.C., A. Castro, J.S. Beaver, C.A. Perez, A. Morales, and R. Lepiz. 2000. Mejoramiento genetico para tolerancia a altas temperaturas y resistencia a mosaico dorado en frijol comun. Agron. Mesoamericana 11(1):1-10.