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Background
People with learning disabilities
Learning disability (LD) includes the presence of: “a significantly reduced ability to understand new or complex information […] with a reduced ability to cope independently” (Department of Health, 2001, p. 14). This must be present before adulthood and have a “lasting effect on development”. LD is one of the most common forms of disability, affecting over a million people in England alone (Public Health England, 2015).
Housing for people with learning disabilities
People with learning disabilities have historically faced inequality when receiving care in the community and their own homes. In the past, many people with LD lived in long-stay institutions, the last of which closed in 2009. Despite this, people with LD have faced continued inequalities when receiving care and support. In 2012, serious abuse and neglect was identified at Winterbourne view, an assessment and treatment service for people with LD. In addition to prompting criminal investigations, the case highlighted an overarching failure to provide appropriate support for people with LD close to their families and friends in the community. The Department of Health (2012) responded by tightening accountability at management level for the care and support of people with LD, and by strengthening the level of inspections of LD services.
Mencap (2011) researched the types of accommodation for people with LD. In total, 38 per cent of people with LD were found to live with family and friends, 22 per cent in registered care and 16 per cent in supported accommodation. Registered care homes provide care and support with accommodation on a 24 h basis. Each person usually has their own room within a shared home. Registered care homes are regulated by Care Quality Commission inspections. In contrast, supported accommodation involves each person having their own tenancy, which is separate to the cost of care and support. Care and support is then tailored to the needs of those living in the home. This could range from low levels of support to 24 h care. People with LD may also receive care and support in the community, particularly if they are living with family or friends or in their own homes.
People with LD should have a choice over where they live and the care and support they receive. There is...