Competent Hosts and Endemicity of Multi-Host Vector-Borne Diseases

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a method to study a general vector–host mathematical model in order to explain how the changes in biodiversity could influence the dynamics of vector-borne diseases. We find that under the assumption of frequency-dependent transmission, i.e., the assumption that the number of contacts is diluted by the total population of hosts, the presence of a competent host is a necessary condition for the existence of an endemic state. In addition, we obtain that in the case of an endemic disease with a unique competent and resilient host, an increase in its density amplifies the disease.