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Introduction
As to the economic development in Taiwan, from the agriculture in 1940s; the light industries in 1950s and 1960s; the heavy chemical industries in 1970s; and the high technology industries in 1980s and 1990s, the industry policies had changed from protection, award toward the focus on market competition. The points of industry policies also change from production to R&D and ultimately the global market layout. It is expected by providing the global market competence and innovation capabilities, we can win the dominating right over the global markets and technology.
In 2004, the agriculture in Taiwan occupied 2 percent less in GDP. However, the industrial output has reached 30 percent in GDP; the output of service industries occupies 68 percent in GDP. With the globalizing trend and technology development, and the increasing labor cost, from the upgrade of conventional techniques, we face the bottlenecks. The said situations make Taiwan face the environment challenges with high uncertainty. Under the business environment with the competition of no national boundaries, the adaptability in good response to environmental challenges is exactly the critical element for business organizations to keep running and their competitive advantages. However, only the environmental adaptability for business organizations cannot effectively improve the efficiency of business management. It requires development of the strategies rich in mechanisms to predict the actual trend of environmental changes. It is necessary to correct the business activities continuously ([21] Gardiner and Whiting, 1997). After [58] Senge (1990) proposes the importance to create learning organization in his book entitled: "The fifth discipline: the art and practice of learning organization". Various business organizations start to perceive the fact that knowledge will become the critical resource for business organizations wanting to create core values. They also use the core disciplines of the learning organization with emphasis on knowledge accumulation and learning attitude. Also, through the "Fifth Discipline" proposed by [58] Senge (1990), they cultivate the dynamic thinking models for business organization members. With those ideas, they can intensify the capability of business growth and innovation.
[46] Pool (2000) and [24] Hall (2001) suppose that during the process of encouraging employees to want to learn, it is necessary for the existence of organizational culture to support the organization learning so that it is available to...