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Inamm. Res. (2009) 58:631638DOI 10.1007/s00011-009-0042-6 Inammation Research
REVIEW
Mast cells and eosinophils: the two key effector cells in allergic inammation
Yael Minai-Fleminger Francesca Levi-Schaffer
Received: 5 April 2009 / Accepted: 7 April 2009 / Published online: 8 May 2009 Birkhauser Verlag, Basel/Switzerland 2009
Abstract The allergic inammatory response is composed of two main phasesthe early and the late. The early phase initiates when an allergen activates the tissue resident mast cell, triggering the release of a variety of granule-stored and newly formed mediators. As the inammatory response progresses, blood borne inammatory cellsin particular, eosinophilsare recruited into the inamed tissue. Eosino-phil activation and consequent release and production of several pro-inammatory mediators results in the late phase reaction. A chronic allergic inammation always features prominent tissue eosinophilia. In this review, we will discuss the possible channels of communication, both soluble and physical, between mast cells and eosinophils that can occur in the late and chronic stages of allergy. Such interactions, that we have termed the allergic effector unit, may modulate the severity and/or duration of the allergic inammatory reaction.
Keywords Mast cells Eosinophils
Allergic inammation
AbbreviationsIg ImmunoglobulinSCF Stem cell factorPG ProstaglandinLT leukotrieneIL InterleukinGM-CSF Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factorTNF-a Tumor necrosis factor alpha
TGF-b Transforming growth factor-b FGF Fibroblast growth factorVEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor NGF Nerve growth factorEPO Eosinophil peroxidaseMBP Major basic proteinECP Eosinophil cationic proteinEDN Eosinophil derived neurotoxin PAF Platelet activating factorIFN-c Interferon-gamma
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinasePAR2 Proteinase-activated receptor 2AP-1 Activator protein-1MMPs MetalloproteinasesDNAM-1 DNAX accessory molecule 1PVR Poliovirus receptorLFA-1 Leukocyte function-associated antigen 1 ICAM-1 Intercellular adhesion molecule 1
Allergic inammation
Allergy is one of the most widespread diseases in the Western world, and its incidencewhich seems to be connected to the industrial and hygienic modern way of
Responsible Editor: I. Ahnfelt-Rnne.
Y. Minai-Fleminger F. Levi-Schaffer (&)
Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine,The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,POB 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israele-mail: [email protected]
Y. Minai-Flemingere-mail: [email protected]
F. Levi-SchafferDavid R. Bloom Center of Pharmacy and the Adolph and Klara Brettler Center for Research in Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics,The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
632 Y. Minai-Fleminger, F. Levi-Schaffer
lifeis estimated to increase every year. It comprises several pathologies such as asthma, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, eczema, etc. The tendency to develop an allergy is known as...