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Abstract
Institutions of higher education are facing the challenges of decreasing state and federal funding, increasing numbers of traditional and non-traditional students, and imposed limits on tuition charges. At the same time, federal and state governments are directing institutions of higher education to collaborate not only with one another, but also local community agencies, under represented populations, K-12 school districts, and nonprofit organizations. Institutions of higher education consequently need to develop innovative programs to meet these needs generated by government agencies. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how some of the challenges facing institutions of higher education today might be met through expanding the activities associated with "development" to include facilitating the expansion of programs and services, and devising strategies to procure additional externally sponsored funding for these programs and services. Specifically, sponsored programs offices are often directed by their upper administration to develop such programs and assist faculty and staff in finding the external funding to make them possible, and are probably in the best position to do so.
Introduction
This paper will essentially examine the demands for U.S. institutions of higher education to develop externally sponsored programs as an answer to the increasing challenges placed before them and the methods these institutions are using to do so. An institution of higher education will be denned in this paper as an organization that provides associates, bachelors, masters, and/or doctorate prepared degrees to qualified individuals.
State and private institutions of higher learning will be examined. Although there are some philosophical and funding differences between state and private institutions of higher education, they are still faced with many similar problems in creating innovative services and programs for society. Both state and private institutions also solicit and receive funding from common sources, including: (a) federal and state agencies, (b) private and corporate foundations, and (c) industries. Since both state and private institutions of higher education are facing these similar challenges, both will be examined and included in the definition of an "institution of higher education".
As society has become more complex in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, there have been increasing demands for institutions of higher education to offer new services, and become more adaptable to the world's changing needs. With the evolution towards...