Abstract
Background: Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a good source of phenolic compounds such as p-coumaric acid. P-Coumaric acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid known to possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, and immunoregulatory activities. Objective: The present study aims to determine and quantify the p-coumaric acid in the juice extract and methanol extract of unripe and ripe pineapples by gradient mode reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Materials and Methods: The analysis was carried out using 0.5% phosphoric acid and 100% acetonitrile (can) as mobile phase A and B at gradient elution conditions of 0–30 min from 5% B to 80% B, 30–33 min at 80% B, 33–35 min from 80% B to 5% B, and 35–40 min at 5% B. The chromatography separation was performed using Gemini C18column at flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and detection was made at 280 nm. Results: P-Coumaric acid was determined at retention time of 16.16 min. Standard curves were linear at R2= 0.9973 with low limit of detection and limit of quantification being 0.0208 and 0.0694, respectively. P-Coumaric acid showed the highest concentration in juice extract of ripe pineapple, 11.76 μg/mL compared to the methanol extract, 0.03 μg/mL, respectively. P-Coumaric acid concentration in juice extract of unripe pineapple was 0.41 μg/mL. Conclusion: The gradient mode RP-HPLC proved to be efficient for determination and quantification of p-coumaric acid in pineapples extracts. Abbreviations Used: RP-HPLC: Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography; ACN: Acetonitrile; H3PO4: Phosphoric acid; PLPs: Pineapple leaf phenols; HepG2: Hepatoma G2; PLEs: Pineapple leaf extracts; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; DAD: Diode array detector; UV-Vis: Ultraviolet-visible; dH2O: Distilled water; LOD: Limit of detection; LOQ: Limit of quantification.
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1 Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus
2 Department of Chemistry, Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Dengkil Campus, Dengkil; Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor