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The importance of human-animal bonds has been documented throughout history, across cultures, and in recent research. However, attachments with companion animals have been undervalued and even pathologized in the field of mental health. This article briefly surveys the evolution of human-animal bonds, reviews research on their health and mental health benefits, and examines their profound relational significance across the life course. Finally, the emerging field of animal-assisted interventions is described, noting applications in hospital and eldercare settings, and in innovative school, prison, farm, and community programs. The aim of this overview paper is to stimulate more attention to these vital bonds in systems-oriented theory, practice, and research. A companion paper in this issue focuses on the role of pets and relational dynamics in family systems and family therapy (Walsh, 2009a).
Keywords: Human-Animal Bonds; Health and Mental Health Benefits; Bonds with Companion Animals/Pets; Animal-Assisted Interventions; Therapeutic Program Applications
Fam Proc 48:462-480, 2009
Native peoples say that a long time ago on the earth a chasm opened up separating animals and humans. As the chasm got wider and wider, the dogs jumped across to be with the humans. Today, when you hear wolves howling in the night, they're crying out for the chasm to close- (Kling, 2006)
Ancient peoples valued the profound connections between humans and animals. In recent years, increasing research evidence confirms the physiological, psychological, and social benefits of interactions with animals and the therapeutic potential of animal-assisted programs in a wide range of settings. Yet the field of mental health has been slow to recognize the importance of these bonds in clinical theory, research, and practice. This overview paper brings needed attention to the relational significance of companion animals for our well-being, connectedness, and resilience.
HUMAN-ANIMAL BONDS IN HISTORICAL AND CROSS-CULTURAL CONTEXT
In ancient times and in cultures worldwide, animals have been respected as essential partners in human survival, health, and healing. Many spiritual traditions have honored the relationships of people to animal forms of life, as part of the interconnectedness of the natural world and a link to the spirit world (Serpell, 2006). Animal companions and guides have assumed powerful roles in animist beliefs and shamanic practices (Campbell, 1984). Asian cultures, Amerindians, and other indigenous peoples continue to draw symbolic meaning and...