Measuring knowledge of Alzheimer’s: development and psychometric testing of the UJA Alzheimer’s Care Scale

Abstract

Background

Care for people with Alzheimer’s disease or other dementias should be based on up-to-date clinical practice guidelines. The education and training of nurses and other healthcare staff in dementia is a key factor in providing quality care. Knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease can be measured through questionnaires. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a scale to measure Alzheimer’s disease knowledge among both nursing staff and students.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional survey study undertaken in three stages: 1) development of the questionnaire and item wording; 2) content validation by an expert panel; 3) questionnaire testing with two samples to establish psychometric properties. Sample 1 comprised 361 Registered Nurses, Assistant Nurses and eldercare workers from 24 nursing homes in Jaén (southern Spain). Sample 2 comprised 297 nursing students. The data were analysed through item analysis and a Rasch model. Convergent and construct validity and internal consistency were also examined.

Results

The 23-item UJA Alzheimer’s Care Scale shows good outfit and infit values based on the Rasch model. One item presented differential functioning between Registered Nurses and Assistant Nurses. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the UJA Alzheimer’s Care Scale and the Spanish version of the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool 2 showed strong agreement among nursing staff (0.63) and students (0.79). The scale is able to distinguish between professionals with low or high knowledge of Alzheimer’s care. The overall Cronbach’s alphas were 0.70 (nursing staff) and 0.82 (nursing students). The intraclass correlation coefficient between the first test and the retest was good (0.84).

Conclusions

The UJA Alzheimer’s Care Scale is a useful tool for measuring knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia care among nursing professionals or nursing students. The initial validation study obtained good psychometric properties concerning validity and reliability.