The Influence of Mixed Reality Learning Environments in Higher Education STEM Programs: A Study of Student Perceptions of Mixed Reality Self-Efficacy, Engagement, and Motivation Using Augmented and Virtual Reality

Abstract

Mixed Reality is a technology quickly advancing and becoming more readily available to the average consumer. The continually improving availability of Mixed Reality technology is due to advancements with software platforms and integration of miniaturized hardware for mobile devices. Mixed Reality is becoming more available for use within higher education but limited data is available supporting the relevance and effectiveness of this technology for helping students to learn.

The intent of this study was purposed to explore how Mixed Reality influences learning within a Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) higher education program when learning within a Mixed Reality Learning Environment (MRLE). Mixed Reality Self-efficacy, student engagement, and student motivation were used as part of the Mixed Reality Self-efficacy, Engagement, and Motivation (MRSEM) survey. The MRSEM survey captured demographic information but primarily focused on the variables of self-efficacy, engagement, and motivation of post-secondary STEM students within a MRLE.

The results from this study provided data indicating how gender influences student acceptance of Mixed Reality, significant relationships among student engagement and student motivation when using Mixed Reality along with observed mobile device usage. These findings can provide administrators with useful information needed to target specific population groups to effectively integrate this new technology. Incorporating Mixed Reality as a learning resource is an approach if done correctly can reap benefits for all stakeholders involved.

The final outcome originating from the findings and observations resulted in the development of a best practices guide and recommendations for administrators and practitioners considering Mixed Reality. The guide and recommendations are intended for stakeholders within STEM areas of concentration considering this technology as a resource to improve instructional methods by engaging, motivating, retaining and ultimately improving a student’s Mixed Reality Self-efficacy (MRSe).