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Abstract
Las edificaciones mayas han sido tema de importantes investigaciones arqueológicas y arquitectónicas; sin embargo, no existen referencias relevantes concernientes a comportamientos estructurales o mecánicos. Los constructores Mayas utilizaron rocas calcáreas para construir templos y viviendas que fueron colocadas sistemáticamente para resistir carga mecánica estructural. Este artículo estudia las características mineralógicas y mecánicas de rocas que formaban parte de vestigios arqueológicos mayas en el área de Yucatán. La orientación del estrato geológico fue tomada en cuenta para el estudio del comportamiento mecánico de núcleos cilíndricos en pruebas a compresión. Así mismo, barras fueron manufacturadas para simular el desempeño estructural de linteles y arquitrabes. Pruebas de compresión y flexión demostraron alta influencia de la orientación de la capa geológica, ya que las propiedades mecánicas de tales rocas varían con la dirección. La técnica de emisión acústica proporcionó información acerca del inicio y la propagación del daño en las muestras cilíndricas y las barras.
Mayan buildings have been the subject of significant archaeological and architectural research; however, so far there have been no relevant references concerning structural or mechanical behavior. Ancient Mayan constructors used calcareous rocks to build temples and housing that were placed systematically to withstand mechanical loads in the structures. This paper studies the mineralogical and mechanical characteristics of calcareous stony material that formed part of Mayan archeological vestiges in Yucatan area. The orientation of the rocks´ geological strata was taken into account to study mechanical behavior from cylindrical cores in compressing test. On the other hand, bars were also manufactured to simulate lintel or architrave structural performance. Compression and bending tests confirmed a high influence of the geological layer orientation, since the mechanical properties of such rocks were found to vary with direction. Acoustic emission was used to provide information referring to onset and propagation of damage in cylinder and bar samples.
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