Chemical composition of essential oils from the apiaceae family, cytotoxicity, and their antifungal activity in vitro against candida species from oral cavity

Abstract

The aims of this research were: evaluate the chemical composition and the cytotoxicity of the Cuminum cyminum (cumin), Anethum graveolens (dill), Pimpinella anisum (anise) and Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) essential oils, as well as their antifungal activity in vitro against ten Candida spp. isolates. The chemical composition of the oils was analyzed by means of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The cytotoxicity assays were performed, using the cell proliferation reagent WST-1 in L929 mouse fibroblasts (20x103 well-i). The determinate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), was performed through the Broth Microdilution technique (CLSI). The chemical main components were the cuminaldehyde (32.66%) for cumin, carvone (34.89%) for the dill, trans-anethole (94.01%) for the anise and anethole (79.62%) for the fennel. Anise and fennel did not were cytotoxic in all the tested concentrations, however the cumin oil was cytotoxic in the concentration of 20 mg.mL-i and the dill in the concentrations of 20 and 8 mg.mL-i. All yeasts were susceptible against the evaluated essential oils. Cumin presented the lowest MIC against yeasts. We concluded that all the essential oils presented inhibitory action against Candida spp., and C. cyminum, P. anisum and F. vulgare were not cytotoxic in the same minimum inhibitory concentrations for the fungi.

Alternate abstract:

Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: avaliar a composiçâo química e a citotoxicidade dos óleos essenciais de Cuminum cyminum (cominho), Anethum graveolens (endro), Pimpinella anisum (erva-doce) e Foeniculum vulgare (funcho), bem como sua atividade antifúngica in vitro contra dez isolados de Candida spp.. A composiçâo química dos óleos foi analisada por meio de cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometría de massa (GC / MS). Os ensaios de citotoxicidade foram realizados, utilizando o reagente de proliferaçâo celular WST-1 em fibroblastos de ratinho L929 (20x103 poço-1). A determinaçâo da Concentraçâo Inibitória Mínima (MIC) foi realizada através da técnica de microdiluiçâo em caldo (CLSI). Os principais componentes químicos foram o cuminaldeído (32.66%) para cominho, carvona (34.89%) para o endro, trans-anetol (94.01%) para erva-doce e anetol (79.62%) para a funcho. O endro e a erva-doce nâo foram citotóxicos em todas as concentraçöes testadas, no entanto, o óleo de cominho foi citotóxico na concentraçâo de 20 mg.mL-i e o endro nas concentraçöes de 20 e 8 mg.mL-i. Todas as leveduras foram suscetíveis aos óleos essenciais avahados. O cominho apresentou a menor CIM contra as leveduras. Concluimos que todos os óleos essenciais apresentaram açâo inibidora contra Candida spp., e C. cyminum, P. anisum e F. vulgare näo foram citotóxicos nas mesmas concentraçöes inibitórias mínimas para os fungos.