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A study examined the results of a research project that set forth a model pulling together Systems Network Architecture (SNA), advanced peer-to-peer networking, Network Basic Input/Output System, TCP/IP, and the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) into one integrated architectural framework that provides a rich, but flexible, modular and uniform set of functions across all system platforms and all network types. The focus was on the technical details of the SNA-OSI case, which involved the coexistence of the 2 stacks side-by-side in the same computer, with full internetworking at the network layer, link sharing, common CPIs, and homogeneous network appearance to users and operators. The key results of this project are the definition of an enhanced structure for network-attached systems that will allow a flexible coexistence of multiple protocol stacks within the same system, the sharing of link, management, and control facilities among them, the interoperation between the network-layer protocols, and the unification of their CPIs.