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Abstract
Subjects increasing sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) during Density Gradient Centrifugation (DGC), a common sperm selection procedure in Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ARTs), experience a 50% lower probability of pregnancy. Hence, identification of these subjects is of clinical importance. Here, we investigated whether such subjects are identified with higher accuracy detecting DNA fragmentation in viable (viable sDF) instead of total spermatozoa (total sDF) and whether swim up, an alternative procedure to DGC, does not increase sDF. With DGC, we identified 10/20 subjects increasing total sDF, and 2 more subjects using viable sDF. With swim up, we identified 8/40 subjects increasing total sDF, and 8 more subjects using viable sDF. In addition, viable sDF reveals more accurately the increase of the damage when it occurs. Finally, a multivariate analysis demonstrated that the proportional increase of sDF was higher after DGC respect to swim up. In conclusion, viable sDF is a more accurate parameter to reveal the increase of the damage by selection both with swim up and DGC. Swim up increases sDF in some samples, although at a lesser extent than DGC, suggesting that it should be used to select spermatozoa for ARTs when possible.
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Details
1 University of Florence, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Unit of Sexual Medicine and Andrology, Center of Excellence DeNothe, Florence, Italy (GRID:grid.8404.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 2304)
2 9.baby, Family and Fertility Center, Bologna, Italy (GRID:grid.8404.8)
3 Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Catanzaro, Italy (GRID:grid.411489.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 2168 2547)
4 University of Florence and Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Pediatric Section, Department of Health Sciences, Florence, Italy (GRID:grid.8404.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 2304)
5 Clinical Trials Center, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy (GRID:grid.24704.35) (ISNI:0000 0004 1759 9494)
6 University of Florence, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Sexual Medicine and Andrology, Center of Excellence DeNothe, Florence, Italy (GRID:grid.8404.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 2304)