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Abstract
This research investigates the home-based textile and apparel dyeing industry in Mauritania and links two fields of study: the cultural and socio-economic impacts of textile and apparel production with the field of Occupational Health and Safety. The study defines the range of traditional dress in Mauritania and considers the health and safety of producers, the economic viability of the activity and impacts of current practices on the natural environment. Locally dyed, traditional garments are the preferred dress of the multi-ethnic Mauritanians. However, liquid waste and by-products of home-based dyeing are discarded untreated in the street, in residential neighborhoods and the outskirts of the capital city, Nouakchott. Field research was conducted in Nouakchott over a twelve-day period during March 2015. Thirty-seven people (thirteen men and twenty-four women) participated in thirteen interviews and four focus groups to gather the data for the study. Participants were dyers and producers of traditional garments, traders, government officials and non-government officials all with knowledge of the industry.
The findings reveal significant positive economic impacts to producers, especially the very poor women of Mauritania. The toxicity of 2 aminoanthraquinone a main compound in two dyes is very concerning. Labels and Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) are not available in the market. Workers believe that dye and chemicals are harmful but safe handling and disposal of dye and chemicals have not been introduced in this industry. Dye sellers who repackage dye and chemicals from large containers to small plastic bags are at heightened risk.
The Occupational Health and Safety "Hierarchy of Controls" was used to identify leverage points within the production system to effect meaningful change. The key players that can effect positive change include the Mauritanian government, major importers of dye and chemicals and non-government organizations. A system for safely discarding dangerous liquid waste, and basic personal protective equipment are needed immediately. The recommendations, if followed provide a path towards preserving the country's rich history and cultural identity, will provide economic empowerment to women, improve health outcomes and prevent further degradation of the environment.





