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Abstract
El pago por servicios ambientales hidrológicos es un instrumento de política ambiental aplicado en la mayoría de los países para promover la conservación de los ecosistemas, principalmente los forestales. En 2003, el gobierno de México, a través de la Comisión Nacional Forestal (CONAFOR), implementó el programa de Pago por Servicios Ambientales Hidrológicos (PSAH) para atender los problemas de agua y deforestación en el país. Un prerrequisito para que un área reciba el PSAH es que mantenga una cobertura vegetal mínima de 80%, o la aumente, durante los 5 años posteriores al inicio del contrato. Las evaluaciones de los impactos del Programa sobre la cobertura forestal consisten principalmente en estudios nacionales o regionales. En México no se tienen evaluaciones de los impactos a nivel comunitario, escala a la que el PSAH es ejecutado. En el presente estudio se evaluó el impacto del programa de PSAH en la dinámica de la cobertura arbórea en seis ejidos de la región Iztaccíhuatl-Popocatépetl, Puebla. Para realizar el estudio se utilizaron imágenes Quickbird y se realizó una clasificación supervisada. Los resultados indicaron que el Programa PSAH cumplió con su objetivo en cuatro de los seis núcleos agrarios analizados.
Payment for hydrologic environmental services is an instrument of environmental policy applied in most countries to promote conservation of ecosystems, especially forest ecosystems. In 2003, the Mexican government through the National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR) implemented the Payment for Hydrological Environmental Services (PHES) to address the problems of water and deforestation in the country. A prerequisite for an area to receive the PHES is to maintain a minimum 80% forest cover, or increase it during the five-year contract. PHES program Assessments on forest cover have been mainly national or regional scale studies. In Mexico there is not impact assessment at community level scale at which the PHES is executed. This study assesses the impact of PHES on the forest cover dynamics in six ejidos of the Iztaccíhuatl-Popocatépetl region, Puebla. To perform the study, two Quickbird images were used and a supervised classification was performed. The results indicate that the PHES achieved its goal in four of the six ejidos.
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