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Abstract
Quantum biological electron transfer (ET) essentially involves in virtually all important biological processes such as photosynthesis, cellular respiration, DNA repair, cellular homeostasis, and cell death. However, there is no real-time imaging method to capture biological electron tunnelling in live cells to date. Here, we report a quantum biological electron tunnelling (QBET) junction and its application in real-time optical detection of QBET and the dynamics of ET in mitochondrial cytochrome c during cell life and death process. QBET junctions permit to see the behaviours of electron tunnelling through barrier molecules with different barrier widths. Using QBET spectroscopy, we optically capture real-time ET in cytochrome c redox dynamics during cellular apoptosis and necrosis in living cells. The non-invasive real-time QBET spectroscopic imaging of ET in live cell open a new era in life sciences and medicine by providing a way to capture spatiotemporal ET dynamics and to reveal the quantum biological mechanisms.
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1 Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Centre, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
2 Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
3 Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
4 Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
5 Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Centre, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA