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Abstract
Groundwater quality is an important factor for determining its suitability for drinking, agricultural, industrial and domestic purposes. This paper examines the quality of groundwater for irrigation around Weepanagandla area, Mahabubnagar District, Telangana State, adjacent to Krishna River, northern part of Cuddapah Super Group and the north of Eastern Dharwar Super Group in India.
A total of forty-eight samples have been collected in the study area from (a) open wells (dug wells) six-(b) bore wells-twelve and (c) hand pumps-thirty samples. Groundwater quality was evaluated and investigated to ascertain, the quality of water in Weepanagandla area. The groundwater quality assessment has been carried out by evaluating the parameters SAR, %Na and Permeability Index by using calculation of the groundwater geochemical parameters-pH, EC, TDS, TH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, COf , HCOf ,SO„ ionic concentration.
Groundwater analytical results were compared with standard guidelines set by Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS, 2003,2009) and World Health Organization (WHO, 2011) for drinking and irrigational purpose. Satellite images (LISS-IV) were used to classify (Arc GIS) the potential zones with acceptable groundwater quality for drinking and through satellite data using visual interpretation techniques to study possible storage and movement of water, the possible source of pollution of groundwater quality by hydrogeological inferences and agro-chemical decomposition.
Keywords: Under Groundwater, Quality assessment, drinking and agricultural water quality, Geochemistry, GIS.
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1.Introduction
Groundwater is the most important natural resource and a basic need for drinking, agricultural, domestic, industrial, environmental and multipurpose uses. The study area (Fig.1) is located to the north of Krishna River exactly in the northern part of Cuddapah Basin. The southern half of the study area is covered by the equivalents of Cuddapah Basin sediments (Sigel 2002, Ishaku 2011) while the northern half of the study area is covered by Eastern Dharwar Gneissic Complex, Granites and Pegmatite.
The threat to groundwater quality is a combination of inputs from environment, geological weathering and agro-chemicals as well as anthropogenic activities in the area of study. In Weepanagandla area (Fig. 2) 62.81% is irrigated by different sources in the study area, out of which 13.16% is contributed by surface water and the remaining 23.36% is provided by groundwater in the southern, part crop-Pediplain command area, which also has moderately...