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1. Introduction
Naturally, the organizational structure of any business is vital for its success in acting as a driver for the company to accomplish its vision. At its most basic level, an organization is either an individual or a group of people who work together to achieve a shared aim or set of aims (McNamara, 2015). The impact of changing demographics, the global market, social inequity and climate change on organizations has been considered in recent times. One common response is for organizations to implement sustainable processes with a view toward having a positive influence on the environment, thereby creating social as well as financial capital (Wales, 2013). According to the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development in London, CIPD (2012), the essence of organizational sustainability is the principle of strengthening the environmental, societal and economic systems within business operations. This principle is essential since the concept of sustainability will keep the business running (Colbert and Kurucz, 2007) by helping the business prosper without compromising the needs of the future (Boudreau and Ramstad, 2005).
Many corporate crimes which happen nowadays have violated nature’s, mankind’s and the world’s economic survival. According to the Global Exchange, an international human rights organization which promotes justice of social, economic and environmental issues around the world, there are many large and well-known organizations which have committed corporate violations, such as: first, Chevron Corporation, the second largest US oil company, has been charged with continued destruction in their search for oil, ranging from Ecuadorian Amazon to the Arctic Barents Sea and even Richmond, California and beyond. Back in 2013, this organization caused 15,000 individuals from communities in Richmond, CA, to go to surrounding hospitals when gas pipes leaked and exploded. The chemical reaction increased the risk for cancer and pulmonary disease (Global Exchange, 2017). Second, Wells Fargo, the world’s largest bank in 2016, was involved in a corporate scandal (Global Exchange, 2017) when 5,300 of its employees secretly created fake email addresses and phony PIN numbers to open 2m unauthorized accounts (Egan, 2016; Levine, 2016), in order to achieve sales targets and receive rewards from the company (Egan, 2016). And, third, Johnson & Johnson (J&J), the world’s largest healthcare company, has been involved in a number of lawsuits in regard to...