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ABSTRACT This article suggests that the addition of object relations theory to the two dominant theories of feminist theory and family systems theory can contribute to the understanding of domestic violence. Feminist theory largely contributes to the understanding of the macro issues while family systems theory is descriptive at the mezzo level of interpersonal processes and dynamics. Object relations theory can make a unique contribution at the micro level with an understanding of intrapsychic processes which influence adult interpersonal behavior. This article examines some of the main concepts of object relations theory as applied to the issue of domestic violence. A case discussion is offered to illuminate the application of object relations theory to domestic violence.
KEY WORDS: domestic violence; object relations theory
INTRODUCTION
In the past twenty five years domestic violence has emerged as a significant social issue for research and theory development. Despite increased clinical interest and attention, this issue continues to be a persistent problem. Treatment theory has rapidly evolved with feminist theory and family systems theory becoming the dominant theoretical perspectives (Davis, Hagen, and Early, 1994). The theoretical orientations, epistemological and ontological assumptions, and treatment interventions of family systems and feminist theory are vastly different. Indeed, proponents of both models maintain intractably opposed positions and have experienced impassioned and bitter debate (Dell, 1989; Lamb, 1991; Myers-Avis, 1992; Sexton, 1994). While both feminist and family systems theories provide useful insights into the issue of domestic violence, the rarely applied theory of object relations theory can be instrumental in adding to the depth of understanding of this complex problem.
While family systems theory is an interpersonal theory, feminist theory is largely a sociopolitical theory (Carden, 1994). A family systems understanding of domestic violence relies on general systems theory concepts of circular causality, reciprocity, and the system's need to maintain homeostatic balance. Violence is understood as a reciprocal, interactive dynamic with functional qualities for the maintenance of equilibrium (Fish, 1990; Giles-Sims, 1983; Lipchik, 1991; Sexton, 1994). The use of family systems theory to understand domestic violence implies an inherently interpersonal process. Although family systems theory may have some utility in adding to the understanding of domestic violence, its major limitation is that it remains largely descriptive. This theory may eloquently address the systemic...