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One of the first American suffragists, Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a tireless champion of equal rights and a strong opponent of religious orthodoxy. The Woman's Bible, perhaps her best-known work, challenged the church's interpretations of the Bible and the teachings of Christ-a risky undertaking both then and now. In it she gave the Scriptures a feminist rereading that underscored the ignorance, arrogance, and hypocrisy of the male-dominated church hierarchy that had denied women their equality and dignity. The following excerpts are taken from the Bible's introductory remarks.
Does the New Testament bring promises of new dignity and of larger liberties for woman? When thinking women make any criticisms on their degraded position in the Bible, Christians point to her exaltation in the New Testament, as if, under their religion, woman really does occupy a higher position than under the Jewish dispensation. While there are grand types of women presented under both religions, there is no difference in the general estimate of the sex. In fact, her inferior position is more clearly and emphatically set forth by the Apostles than by the Prophets and the Patriarchs. There are no such specific directions for woman's subordination in the Pentateuch as in the Epistles.
We are told that the whole sex was highly honored in Mary being the mother of Jesus. Surely a wise and virtuous son is more indebted to his mother than she is to him, and is honored only by reflecting her superior characteristics. Why the founders of the Christian religion did not improvise an earthly Father as well as an earthly Mother does not clearly appear. The questionable position of Joseph is unsatisfactory. As Mary belonged to the Jewish aristocracy, she should have had a husband of the same rank. If a Heavenly Father was necessary, why not a Heavenly Mother? If an earthly Mother was admirable, why not an earthly Father? The Jewish idea that Jesus was born according to natural law is more rational than is the Christian record of the immaculate conception by the Holy Ghost, the third person of the Trinity. These Biblical mysteries and inconsistencies are a great strain on the credulity of the ordinary mind.
From the inauguration of the movement for woman's emancipation the Bible has...