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Abstract
Following tendon injury, the development of fibrotic healing response impairs tendon function and restricts tendon motion. Peritendinous tissue fibrosis poses a major clinical problem in hand surgery. Communication between macrophages and tendon cells has a critical role in regulating the tendon-healing process. Yet, the mechanisms employed by macrophages to control peritendinous fibrosis are not fully understood. Here we analyze the role of macrophages in tendon adhesion in mice by pharmacologically depleting them. Such macrophage-depleted mice have less peritendinous fibrosis formation around the injured tendon compared with wild-type littermates. Macrophage-depleted mice restart fibrotic tendon healing by treatment with bone marrow macrophage-derived exosomes. We show that bone marrow macrophages secrete exosomal miR-21-5p that directly targets Smad7, leading to the activation of fibrogenesis in tendon cells. These results demonstrate that intercellular crosstalk between bone marrow macrophages and tendon cells is mediated by macrophage-derived miR-21-5p-containing exosomes that control the fibrotic healing response, providing potential targets for the prevention and treatment of tendon adhesion.
Details
1 Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, China
2 Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100010, China
3 Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
4 Zhejiang Province’s Key Laboratory of 3D Printing and Equipment, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China