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Supriya Aldar*1, Dr. Ganesh Deshmukh*2
1Master of Pharmacy Student, Department of Pharmaceutics,
Oriental College of Pharmacy, Sanpada, Navi Mumbai, 400705
2Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Oriental College of Pharmacy,
Sanpada, Navi Mumbai, 400705
*Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT:
Mosquito being the major medically important arthropod vector requires utmost attention to reduce the sufferings and economic consequences of those population living in the endemic regions. This is possible only, by minimising the human-mosquito contact by an absolute preventing measure. However, such absolute measures are yet to be developed despite enormous efforts and huge investments world-wide. In the absence of vaccines for number of mosquito-borne diseases, repellents could be an attractive option for both military personal and civilians to minimise the risk of different mosquito-borne diseases. However, to achieve this golden goal, the detailed knowledge of a particular repellent is must, including its mode of repellency and other relevant informations. Here, in the present article, an effort has been made to convey the best and latest information on repellents to enhance the knowledge of scientific community. The review offers an overview on mosquito repellents, the novel discoveries, and areas in need of attention such as novel repellent formulations and their future prospective.
KEYWORDS: N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), Nepetalactone (NPL), mosquito repellent, mosquito control
1. INTRODUCTION:
Mosquitoes are the most disturbing blood sucking insects afflicting human beings. Mosquito species belonging to Anopheles, Culex and Aedes genera are vectors for the pathogens of various diseases like Dengue fever, Malaria, Yellow fever, etc. The mosquitoes eject their saliva into the blood of the host that creates an immune response due to the binding of the antibodies IgG and IgE to the antigens.
The reactions result in irritations, itching, redness and sometime it develops into the bumps. [1] It is the saliva of the mosquito that often causes an irritating rash that is a serious nuisance. In addition, mosquito bites can cause severe skin irritation through an allergic reaction to the mosquito's saliva by human mosquito contact. Only female mosquitoes bite, because they need to drink blood to develop and lay eggs. (The males drink flower nectar.) [2]
Mosquitoes bear set of sensors that have the capability to track their prey's presence, these include:
A. Chemical Sensors: The studies have proved that...