The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is

Abstract

Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM^−/− patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors.

Details

Title

The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer

Author

Figlioli, Gisella¹; Bogliolo, Massimo²; Catucci, Irene¹; Caleca, Laura³

; Lasheras, Sandra Viz⁴; Pujol, Roser²; Kiiski, Johanna I⁵; Muranen, Taru A⁵

; Barnes, Daniel R⁶; Dennis, Joe⁶

; Michailidou, Kyriaki⁷; Bolla, Manjeet K⁶; Goska Leslie⁶; Aalfs, Cora M⁸; Balleine, Rosemary⁹; Baxter, Robert¹⁰; Braye, Stephen¹¹; Carpenter, Jane¹²; Dahlstrom, Jane¹³; Forbes, John¹⁴; Lee, C Soon¹⁵; Marsh, Deborah¹⁶; Morey, Adrienne¹⁷; Pathmanathan, Nirmala¹⁸; Scott, Rodney¹⁹; Simpson, Peter²⁰; Spigelman, Allan²¹; Wilcken, Nicholas²²; Yip, Desmond²³; Zeps, Nikolajs²⁴; Adank, Muriel A²⁵; Adlard, Julian²⁶

; Agata, Simona²⁷; Cadoo, Karen²⁸; Agnarsson, Bjarni A²⁹; Ahearn, Thomas³⁰; Aittomäki, Kristiina³¹; Ambrosone, Christine B³²; Andrews, Lesley³³; Anton-Culver, Hoda³⁴; Antonenkova, Natalia N³⁵; Arndt, Volker³⁶

; Arnold, Norbert³⁷; Aronson, Kristan J³⁸; Arun, Banu K³⁹; Asseryanis, Ella⁴⁰; Auber, Bernd⁴¹

; Auvinen, Päivi⁴²; Azzollini, Jacopo⁴³; Balmaña, Judith⁴⁴; Barkardottir, Rosa B⁴⁵; Barrowdale, Daniel⁶; Barwell, Julian⁴⁶; Beane Freeman, Laura E³⁰; Charles Joly Beauparlant⁴⁷; Beckmann, Matthias W⁴⁸; Behrens, Sabine⁴⁹; Benitez, Javier⁵⁰; Berger, Raanan⁵¹; Bermisheva, Marina⁵²; Blanco, Amie M⁵³; Blomqvist, Carl⁵⁴; Bogdanova, Natalia V⁵⁵; Bojesen, Anders⁵⁶; Bojesen, Stig E⁵⁷; Bonanni, Bernardo⁵⁸

; Borg, Ake⁵⁹; Brady, Angela F⁶⁰; Brauch, Hiltrud⁶¹

; Brenner, Hermann⁶²; Brüning, Thomas⁶³; Burwinkel, Barbara⁶⁴; Buys, Saundra S⁶⁵; Caldés, Trinidad⁶⁶; Caliebe, Almuth⁶⁷; Caligo, Maria A⁶⁸; Campa, Daniele⁶⁹; Campbell, Ian G⁷⁰; Canzian, Federico⁷¹; Castelao, Jose E⁷²; Chang-Claude, Jenny⁷³; Chanock, Stephen J³⁰; Claes, Kathleen B M⁷⁴; Clarke, Christine L¹²; Collavoli, Anita⁷⁵; Conner, Thomas A⁷⁶; Cox, David G⁷⁷; Cybulski, Cezary⁷⁸; Czene, Kamila⁷⁹; Daly, Mary B⁸⁰; de la Hoya, Miguel⁶⁶; Devilee, Peter⁸¹

; Diez, Orland⁸²; Ding, Yuan Chun⁸³; Dite, Gillian S⁸⁴; Ditsch, Nina⁸⁵; Domchek, Susan M⁸⁶; Dorfling, Cecilia M⁸⁷; dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel⁸⁸; Durda, Katarzyna⁷⁸; Dwek, Miriam⁸⁹; Eccles, Diana M⁹⁰; Ekici, Arif B⁹¹; Eliassen, A Heather⁹²; Ellberg, Carolina⁹³; Eriksson, Mikael⁷⁹; Evans, D Gareth⁹⁴; Fasching, Peter A⁹⁵; Figueroa, Jonine⁹⁶; Flyger, Henrik⁹⁷; Foulkes, William D⁹⁸

; Friebel, Tara M⁹⁹; Friedman, Eitan¹⁰⁰; Gabrielson, Marike⁷⁹; Gaddam, Pragna¹⁰¹; Gago-Dominguez, Manuela¹⁰²; Gao, Chi¹⁰³; Gapstur, Susan M¹⁰⁴; Garber, Judy¹⁰⁵; García-Closas, Montserrat³⁰; García-Sáenz, José A⁶⁶; Gaudet, Mia M¹⁰⁴; Gayther, Simon A¹⁰⁶; Belotti, Muriel¹⁰⁷; Bertrand, Ophélie¹⁰⁷; Birot, Anne-Marie¹⁰⁷; Buecher, Bruno¹⁰⁷; Caputo, Sandrine¹⁰⁷; Dupré, Anaïs¹⁰⁷; Fourme, Emmanuelle¹⁰⁷; Gauthier-Villars, Marion¹⁰⁷; Golmard, Lisa¹⁰⁷; Marine Le Mentec¹⁰⁷; Moncoutier, Virginie¹⁰⁷; de Pauw, Antoine¹⁰⁷; Saule, Claire¹⁰⁷; Boutry-Kryza, Nadia¹⁰⁸; Calender, Alain¹⁰⁸; Giraud, Sophie¹⁰⁸; Léone, Mélanie¹⁰⁸; Bressac-de-Paillerets, Brigitte¹⁰⁹; Caron, Olivier¹⁰⁹; Guillaud-Bataille, Marine¹⁰⁹; Yves-Jean Bignon¹¹⁰; Uhrhammer, Nancy¹¹⁰; Bonadona, Valérie¹¹¹; Lasset, Christine¹¹¹; Berthet, Pascaline¹¹²; Castera, Laurent¹¹²; Vaur, Dominique¹¹²; Bourdon, Violaine¹¹³; Noguès, Catherine¹¹³; Noguchi, Tetsuro¹¹³; Popovici, Cornel¹¹³; Remenieras, Audrey¹¹³; Sobol, Hagay¹¹³; Coupier, Isabelle¹¹⁴; Pujol, Pascal¹¹⁴; Adenis, Claude¹¹⁵; Dumont, Aurélie¹¹⁵; Révillion, Françoise¹¹⁵; Muller, Danièle¹¹⁶; Barouk-Simonet, Emmanuelle¹¹⁷; Bonnet, Françoise¹¹⁷; Bubien, Virginie¹¹⁷; Longy, Michel¹¹⁷; Sevenet, Nicolas¹¹⁷; Gladieff, Laurence¹¹⁸; Guimbaud, Rosine¹¹⁸; Feillel, Viviane¹¹⁸; Toulas, Christine¹¹⁸; Dreyfus, Hélène¹¹⁹; Leroux, Christine Dominique¹¹⁹; Peysselon, Magalie¹¹⁹; Rebischung, Christine¹¹⁹; Legrand, Clémentine¹¹⁹; Baurand, Amandine¹²⁰; Bertolone, Geoffrey¹²⁰; Coron, Fanny¹²⁰; Faivre, Laurence¹²⁰; Jacquot, Caroline¹²⁰; Lizard, Sarab¹²⁰; Kientz, Caroline¹²¹; Lebrun, Marine¹²¹; Prieur, Fabienne¹²¹; Fert-Ferrer, Sandra¹²²; Mari, Véronique¹²³; Vénat-Bouvet, Laurence¹²⁴; Bézieau, Stéphane¹²⁵; Delnatte, Capucine¹²⁵; Mortemousque, Isabelle¹²⁶; Colas, Chrystelle¹²⁷; Coulet, Florence¹²⁷; Soubrier, Florent¹²⁷; Warcoin, Mathilde¹²⁷; Bronner, Myriam¹²⁸; Sokolowska, Johanna¹²⁸; Marie-Agnès Collonge-Rame¹²⁹; Damette, Alexandre¹²⁹; Gesta, Paul¹³⁰; Lallaoui, Hakima¹³¹; Chiesa, Jean¹³²; Molina-Gomes, Denise¹³³; Ingster, Olivier¹³⁴; Manouvrier-Hanu, Sylvie¹³⁵; Lejeune, Sophie¹³⁵; Giles, Graham G¹³⁶; Glendon, Gord¹³⁷; Godwin, Andrew K¹³⁸; Goldberg, Mark S¹³⁹; Goldgar, David E¹⁴⁰; Guénel, Pascal¹⁴¹; Gutierrez-Barrera, Angelica M¹⁴²; Haeberle, Lothar¹⁴³; Haiman, Christopher A¹⁴⁴; Håkansson, Niclas¹⁴⁵; Hall, Per¹⁴⁶; Hamann, Ute¹⁴⁷; Harrington, Patricia A¹⁴⁸; Hein, Alexander⁴⁸; Heyworth, Jane¹⁴⁹; Hillemanns, Peter¹⁵⁰; Hollestelle, Antoinette¹⁵¹; Hopper, John L⁸⁴; Hosgood, H Dean, III¹⁵²; Howell, Anthony¹⁵³; Hu, Chunling¹⁵⁴; Hulick, Peter J¹⁵⁵; Hunter, David J¹⁵⁶; Imyanitov, Evgeny N¹⁵⁷; Aghmesheh, Morteza¹⁵⁸; Greening, Sian¹⁵⁸; Amor, David¹⁵⁹; Gattas, Mike¹⁵⁹; Botes, Leon¹⁶⁰; Buckley, Michael¹⁶⁰; Friedlander, Michael¹⁶⁰; Koehler, Jessica¹⁶⁰; Meiser, Bettina¹⁶⁰; Saleh, Mona¹⁶⁰; Salisbury, Elizabeth¹⁶⁰; Trainer, Alison¹⁶⁰; Tucker, Kathy¹⁶⁰; Antill, Yoland¹⁶¹; Dobrovic, Alexander¹⁶¹; Fellows, Andrew¹⁶¹; Fox, Stephen¹⁶¹; Harris, Marion¹⁶¹; Nightingale, Sophie¹⁶¹; Phillips, Kelly¹⁶¹; Sambrook, Joe¹⁶¹; Thorne, Heather¹⁶¹; Armitage, Shane¹⁶²; Arnold, Leanne¹⁶²; Kefford, Rick¹⁶³; Kirk, Judy¹⁶³; Rickard, Edwina¹⁶³; Bastick, Patti¹⁶⁴; Beesley, Jonathan¹⁶⁵; Hayward, Nick¹⁶⁵; Spurdle, Amanda¹⁶⁵; Walker, Logan¹⁶⁵; Beilby, John¹⁶⁶; Saunders, Christobel¹⁶⁶; Bennett, Ian¹⁶⁷; Blackburn, Anneke¹⁶⁸; Bogwitz, Michael¹⁶⁹; Gaff, Clara¹⁶⁹; Lindeman, Geoff¹⁶⁹; Pachter, Nick¹⁶⁹; Scott, Clare¹⁶⁹; Sexton, Adrienne¹⁶⁹; Visvader, Jane¹⁶⁹; Taylor, Jessica¹⁶⁹; Winship, Ingrid¹⁶⁹; Brennan, Meagan¹⁷⁰; Brown, Melissa¹⁷¹; French, Juliet¹⁷¹; Edwards, Stacey¹⁷¹; Burgess, Matthew¹⁷²; Burke, Jo¹⁷³; Patterson, Briony¹⁷³; Butow, Phyllis¹⁷⁴; Culling, Bronwyn¹⁷⁴; Caldon, Liz¹⁷⁵; Callen, David¹⁷⁶; Chauhan, Deepa¹⁷⁷; Eisenbruch, Maurice¹⁷⁷; Heiniger, Louise¹⁷⁷; Chauhan, Manisha¹⁷⁸; Christian, Alice¹⁷⁹; Dixon, Joanne¹⁷⁹; Kidd, Alexa¹⁷⁹; Cohen, Paul¹⁸⁰; Colley, Alison¹⁸¹; Fenton, Georgina¹⁸¹; Crook, Ashley¹⁸²; Dickson, Rebecca¹⁸²; Field, Michael¹⁸²; Cui, James¹⁸³; Cummings, Margaret¹⁸⁴; Dawson, Sarah-Jane¹⁸⁵; DeFazio, Anna¹⁸⁶; Delatycki, Martin¹⁸⁷; Dudding, Tracy¹⁸⁸; Edkins, Ted¹⁸⁹; Gelareh Farshid¹⁹⁰; Flanagan, James¹⁹¹; Fong, Peter¹⁹²; Forrest, Laura¹⁹³; Gallego-Ortega, David¹⁹⁴; George, Peter¹⁹⁵; Gill, Grantley¹⁹⁶; Kollias, James¹⁹⁶; Haan, Eric¹⁹⁷; Hart, Stewart¹⁹⁸; Jenkins, Mark¹⁹⁹; Hunt, Clare²⁰⁰; Lakhani, Sunil²⁰¹; Lipton, Lara²⁰²; Lobb, Liz¹⁷⁷; Mann, Graham²⁰³; McLachlan, Sue Anne²⁰⁴; Shona O’Connell²⁰⁵; Sarah O’Sullivan²⁰⁶; Pieper, Ellen²⁰⁷; Robinson, Bridget²⁰⁸; Saunus, Jodi²⁰⁹; Scott, Elizabeth²¹⁰; Shelling, Andrew²¹¹; Williams, Rachael²¹²; Young, Mary Ann²¹³; Isaacs, Claudine²¹⁴

; Jakimovska, Milena²¹⁵

; Jakubowska, Anna²¹⁶; James, Paul²¹⁷; Janavicius, Ramunas²¹⁸; Janni, Wolfgang²¹⁹; John, Esther M²²⁰; Jones, Michael E²²¹; Jung, Audrey⁴⁹; Kaaks, Rudolf⁴⁹; Karlan, Beth Y²²²; Khusnutdinova, Elza²²³; Kitahara, Cari M²²⁴; Konstantopoulou, Irene²²⁵

; Koutros, Stella³⁰; Kraft, Peter²²⁶; Lambrechts, Diether²²⁷; Lazaro, Conxi²²⁸; Loic Le Marchand²²⁹; Lester, Jenny²²²; Lesueur, Fabienne²³⁰

; Lilyquist, Jenna²³¹; Loud, Jennifer T²³²; Lu, Karen H²³³; Luben, Robert N²³⁴; Lubinski, Jan⁷⁸; Mannermaa, Arto²³⁵; Manoochehri, Mehdi¹⁴⁷; Manoukian, Siranoush⁴³; Margolin, Sara²³⁶; Martens, John W M¹⁵¹; Maurer, Tabea²³⁷; Mavroudis, Dimitrios²³⁸; Mebirouk, Noura²³⁰; Meindl, Alfons⁸⁵; Menon, Usha²³⁹

; Miller, Austin²⁴⁰

; Montagna, Marco²⁷; Nathanson, Katherine L⁸⁶; Neuhausen, Susan L⁸³; Newman, William G⁹⁴; Nguyen-Dumont, Tu²⁴¹; Nielsen, Finn Cilius²⁴²; Nielsen, Sarah²⁴³; Nikitina-Zake, Liene²⁴⁴; Offit, Kenneth²⁴⁵; Olah, Edith²⁴⁶; Olopade, Olufunmilayo I²⁴³; Olshan, Andrew F²⁴⁷; Olson, Janet E²³¹; Olsson, Håkan⁹³; Osorio, Ana²⁴⁸; Ottini, Laura²⁴⁹; Peissel, Bernard⁴³; Peixoto, Ana²⁵⁰; Peto, Julian⁸⁸

; Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana²¹⁵; Pocza, Timea²⁴⁶; Presneau, Nadege⁸⁹; Pujana, Miquel Angel²⁵¹; Punie, Kevin²⁵²

; Rack, Brigitte²¹⁹; Rantala, Johanna²⁵³; Rashid, Muhammad U²⁵⁴; Rau-Murthy, Rohini²⁵⁵; Rennert, Gad²⁵⁶; Lejbkowicz, Flavio²⁵⁶; Rhenius, Valerie¹⁴⁸; Romero, Atocha²⁵⁷

; Rookus, Matti A²⁵⁸; Ross, Eric A²⁵⁹; Rossing, Maria²⁴²; Rudaitis, Vilius²⁶⁰; Ruebner, Matthias¹⁴³; Saloustros, Emmanouil²⁶¹

; Sanden, Kristin²⁶²; Santamariña, Marta²⁶³; Scheuner, Maren T⁵³; Schmutzler, Rita K²⁶⁴; Schneider, Michael¹⁴³; Scott, Christopher²³¹

; Senter, Leigha²⁶⁵; Shah, Mitul¹⁴⁸; Sharma, Priyanka²⁶⁶; Xiao-Ou, Shu²⁶⁷; Simard, Jacques⁴⁷; Singer, Christian F⁴⁰; Sohn, Christof²⁶⁸; Soucy, Penny⁴⁷; Southey, Melissa C²⁴¹; Spinelli, John J²⁶⁹; Steele, Linda⁸³; Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique²⁷⁰; Tapper, William J²⁷¹; Teixeira, Manuel R²⁷²; Terry, Mary Beth²⁷³; Thomassen, Mads²⁷⁴; Thompson, Jennifer²⁷⁵; Thull, Darcy L²⁷⁶; Tischkowitz, Marc²⁷⁷; Tollenaar, Rob AEM²⁷⁸; Torres, Diana²⁷⁹; Troester, Melissa A²⁴⁷; Truong, Thérèse¹⁴¹; Tung, Nadine²⁸⁰; Untch, Michael²⁸¹; Vachon, Celine M²³¹; van Rensburg, Elizabeth J⁸⁷; van Veen, Elke M⁹⁴; Vega, Ana²⁶³; Viel, Alessandra²⁸²

; Wappenschmidt, Barbara²⁶⁴; Weitzel, Jeffrey N²⁸³; Wendt, Camilla²³⁶; Wieme, Greet⁷⁴

; Wolk, Alicja²⁸⁴; Yang, Xiaohong R³⁰; Zheng, Wei²⁶⁷

; Ziogas, Argyrios³⁴

; Zorn, Kristin K²⁸⁵; Dunning, Alison M¹⁴⁸; Lush, Michael⁶; Wang, Qin⁶; McGuffog, Lesley⁶; Parsons, Michael T²⁸⁶; Pharoah, Paul D P²⁸⁷; Fostira, Florentia²²⁵; Toland, Amanda E²⁸⁸; Andrulis, Irene L²⁸⁹; Ramus, Susan J²⁹⁰; Swerdlow, Anthony J²⁹¹; Greene, Mark H²³²

; Chung, Wendy K²⁹²; Milne, Roger L²⁹³; Chenevix-Trench, Georgia²⁸⁶; Dörk, Thilo¹⁵⁰; Schmidt, Marjanka K²⁹⁴; Easton, Douglas F²⁸⁷; Radice, Paolo³; Hahnen, Eric²⁶⁴; Antoniou, Antonis C⁶; Couch, Fergus J¹⁵⁴; Nevanlinna, Heli⁵

; Surrallés, Jordi²⁹⁵; Peterlongo, Paolo¹

¹ IFOM - the FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Genome Diagnostics Program, Milan, Italy
² Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
³ Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Milan, Italy
⁴ Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
⁵ University of Helsinki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
⁶ University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
⁷ University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK; The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology and The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
⁸ Amsterdam UMC, lokatie AMC, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
⁹ Pathology West ICPMR, Westmead, NSW, Australia
¹⁰ Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
¹¹ Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
¹² University of Sydney, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
¹³ Department of Anatomical Pathology, ACT Pathology, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia; ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
¹⁴ Department of Surgical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Australian New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
¹⁵ School of Science and Health, The University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
¹⁶ Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
¹⁷ SydPath St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
¹⁸ Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Pathology West, Westmead Breast Cancer Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
¹⁹ Centre for Information Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Cancer, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
²⁰ The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research and School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
²¹ Hereditary Cancer Clinic, St Vincent’s Hospital, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
²² Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
²³ Department of Anatomical Pathology, ACT Pathology, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, Australia
²⁴ St John of God Perth Northern Hospitals, Perth, WA, Australia
²⁵ The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Family Cancer Clinic, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
²⁶ Chapel Allerton Hospital, Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, UK
²⁷ Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Padua, Italy
²⁸ Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
²⁹ Landspitali University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Reykjavik, Iceland; University of Iceland, School of Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland
³⁰ National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
³¹ University of Helsinki, Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
³² Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
³³ Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, The Bright Alliance Building, Randwick, NSW, Australia
³⁴ University of California Irvine, Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, Irvine, CA, USA
³⁵ N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
³⁶ German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany
³⁷ University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel, Germany
³⁸ Queen’s University, Department of Public Health Sciences, and Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada
³⁹ University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
⁴⁰ Medical University of Vienna, Dept of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
⁴¹ Hannover Medical School, Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover, Germany
⁴² Kuopio University Hospital, Cancer Center, Kuopio, Finland; University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, Kuopio, Finland; University of Eastern Finland, Translational Cancer Research Area, Kuopio, Finland
⁴³ Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Unit of Medical Genetics, Milan, Italy
⁴⁴ Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, High Risk and Cancer Prevention Group, Barcelona, Spain; University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron, Department of Medical Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
⁴⁵ Landspitali University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Reykjavik, Iceland; University of Iceland, BMC (Biomedical Centre), Faculty of Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland
⁴⁶ University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicestershire Clinical Genetics Service, Leicester, UK
⁴⁷ Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Research Center, Genomics Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
⁴⁸ University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
⁴⁹ German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
⁵⁰ Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Genotyping Unit (CEGEN), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid, Spain
⁵¹ Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Institute of Oncology, Ramat Gan, Israel
⁵² Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa, Russia
⁵³ University of California San Francisco, Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, San Francisco, CA, USA
⁵⁴ University of Helsinki, Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Örebro University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Örebro, Sweden
⁵⁵ N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Hannover Medical School, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover, Germany; Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
⁵⁶ Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus, Denmark
⁵⁷ Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
⁵⁸ IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Milan, Italy
⁵⁹ Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Lund, Sweden
⁶⁰ London North West University Hospitals NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Kennedy Galton Centre, Harrow, UK
⁶¹ Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tübingen, iFIT-Cluster of Excellence, Tübingen, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
⁶² German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Division of Preventive Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
⁶³ Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
⁶⁴ German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Epidemiology Group, Heidelberg, Germany; University of Heidelberg, Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
⁶⁵ Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
⁶⁶ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
⁶⁷ University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Institute of Human Genetics, Kiel, Germany
⁶⁸ University Hospital of Pisa, Section of Molecular Genetics, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa, Italy
⁶⁹ German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany; University of Pisa, Department of Biology, Pisa, Italy
⁷⁰ Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Research Division, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
⁷¹ German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Genomic Epidemiology Group, Heidelberg, Germany
⁷² Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Oncology and Genetics Unit, Vigo, Spain
⁷³ German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
⁷⁴ Ghent University, Centre for Medical Genetics, Gent, Belgium
⁷⁵ University and University Hospital of Pisa, Section of Genetic Oncology, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa, Italy
⁷⁶ Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
⁷⁷ Imperial College London, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, London, UK; Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM, Lyon, France
⁷⁸ Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland
⁷⁹ Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
⁸⁰ Fox Chase Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
⁸¹ Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden, The Netherlands
⁸² Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Oncogenetics Group, Barcelona, Spain; University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Area of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Barcelona, Spain
⁸³ Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Department of Population Sciences, Duarte, CA, USA
⁸⁴ The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
⁸⁵ Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Munich, Germany
⁸⁶ Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
⁸⁷ University of Pretoria, Department of Genetics, Arcadia, South Africa
⁸⁸ London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London, UK
⁸⁹ University of Westminster, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, London, UK
⁹⁰ University of Southampton, Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
⁹¹ Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
⁹² Harvard Medical School, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
⁹³ Lund University, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
⁹⁴ University of Manchester, Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
⁹⁵ University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, Germany; University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
⁹⁶ National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA; The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Edinburgh, UK
⁹⁷ Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
⁹⁸ McGill University, Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, Montréal, QC, Canada
⁹⁹ Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
¹⁰⁰ Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Ramat Gan, Israel; Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Ramat Aviv, Israel
¹⁰¹ Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, New York, NY, USA
¹⁰² Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
¹⁰³ Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
¹⁰⁴ American Cancer Society, Epidemiology Research Program, Atlanta, GA, USA
¹⁰⁵ Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Boston, MA, USA
¹⁰⁶ Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, The Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
¹⁰⁷ Institut Curie, Service de Génétique, Paris, France
¹⁰⁸ Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
¹⁰⁹ Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
¹¹⁰ Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont–Ferrand, France
¹¹¹ Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
¹¹² Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
¹¹³ Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
¹¹⁴ CHU Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
¹¹⁵ Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
¹¹⁶ Centre Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
¹¹⁷ Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
¹¹⁸ Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
¹¹⁹ CHU, Grenoble, France
¹²⁰ CHU, Dijon, France
¹²¹ CHU, St-Etienne, France
¹²² Hôtel Dieu Centre Hospitalier, Chambéry, France
¹²³ Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
¹²⁴ CHU, Limoges, France
¹²⁵ CHU, Nantes, France
¹²⁶ CHU Bretonneau, Tours and Centre Hospitalier de Bourges, Bourges, France
¹²⁷ Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
¹²⁸ CHU Vandoeuvre-les-, Nancy, France
¹²⁹ CHU, Besançon, France
¹³⁰ CHU Poitiers, Centre Hospitalier d’Angoulême and Centre Hospitalier de Niort, Niort, France
¹³¹ Centre Hospitalier de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
¹³² CHU Nîmes, Carémeau, France
¹³³ CHI, Poissy, France
¹³⁴ CHU, Angers, France
¹³⁵ CHRU, de Lille, France
¹³⁶ The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Division, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash University, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
¹³⁷ Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Toronto, ON, Canada
¹³⁸ Kansas University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
¹³⁹ McGill University, Department of Medicine, Montréal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
¹⁴⁰ Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
¹⁴¹ INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Villejuif, France
¹⁴² University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Breast Medical Oncology and Clinical Genetics Program, Houston, TX, USA
¹⁴³ Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
¹⁴⁴ University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
¹⁴⁵ Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
¹⁴⁶ Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden; Södersjukhuset, Department of Oncology, Stockholm, Sweden
¹⁴⁷ German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
¹⁴⁸ University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
¹⁴⁹ The University of Western Australia, School of Population and Global Health, Perth, WA, Australia
¹⁵⁰ Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
¹⁵¹ Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
¹⁵² Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Bronx, NY, USA
¹⁵³ University of Manchester, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester, UK
¹⁵⁴ Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, USA
¹⁵⁵ NorthShore University HealthSystem, Center for Medical Genetics, Evanston, IL, USA; The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
¹⁵⁶ Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Boston, MA, USA; University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK
¹⁵⁷ N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia
¹⁵⁸ Illawarra Cancer Care Centre Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, Australia
¹⁵⁹ Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
¹⁶⁰ Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
¹⁶¹ Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
¹⁶² Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
¹⁶³ Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
¹⁶⁴ St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
¹⁶⁵ Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, QLD, Australia
¹⁶⁶ Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
¹⁶⁷ Silverton Place, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
¹⁶⁸ Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
¹⁶⁹ The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
¹⁷⁰ NSW Breast Cancer Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
¹⁷¹ University of Queensland, Queensland, QLD, Australia
¹⁷² Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
¹⁷³ Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia
¹⁷⁴ Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
¹⁷⁵ Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
¹⁷⁶ University of Adelaide/Hanson Institute, Rundle Mall, SA, Australia
¹⁷⁷ University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
¹⁷⁸ The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
¹⁷⁹ Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
¹⁸⁰ St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Subiaco, New Zealand
¹⁸¹ Liverpool Health Service, Liverpool, UK
¹⁸² Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
¹⁸³ Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
¹⁸⁴ University of Queensland Medical School, Herston, NSW, Australia
¹⁸⁵ Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
¹⁸⁶ Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
¹⁸⁷ Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, Heidelberg Heights, VIC, Australia
¹⁸⁸ Hunter Area Health Service, Waratah, USA
¹⁸⁹ Princess Margret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
¹⁹⁰ IMVS, Adelaide, SA, Australia
¹⁹¹ Imperial College London, London, UK
¹⁹² Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
¹⁹³ Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
¹⁹⁴ The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
¹⁹⁵ Canterbury Health Labs, Christchurch, New Zealand
¹⁹⁶ Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
¹⁹⁷ Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, NSW, Australia
¹⁹⁸ Monash Medical Centre, Bentleigh, VIC, Australia
¹⁹⁹ University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
²⁰⁰ Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
²⁰¹ Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, QLD, Australia; The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
²⁰² Western Hospital, Footscray, VIC, Australia
²⁰³ Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
²⁰⁴ St Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
²⁰⁵ Southern Health Familial Cancer Centre, Clayton, VIC, USA
²⁰⁶ Agnes Walsh House, Subiaco, WA, Australia
²⁰⁷ Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Genomic Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
²⁰⁸ Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
²⁰⁹ University of Queensland Medical School, Herston, NSW, Australia; Women’s Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
²¹⁰ South View Clinic, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
²¹¹ University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
²¹² St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
²¹³ Genome.One, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
²¹⁴ Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
²¹⁵ Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ‘Georgi D. Efremov’, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
²¹⁶ Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland; Pomeranian Medical University, Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Szczecin, Poland
²¹⁷ The University of Melbourne, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
²¹⁸ Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Hematology, oncology and transfusion medicine center, Dept. of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; State Research Institute Innovative Medicine Center, Vilnius, Lithuania
²¹⁹ University Hospital Ulm, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ulm, Germany
²²⁰ Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Oncology) and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
²²¹ The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, London, UK
²²² Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Women’s Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
²²³ Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa, Russia; Bashkir State Medical University, Department of Medical Genetics, Ufa, Russia
²²⁴ National Cancer Institute, Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
²²⁵ National Centre for Scientific Research ‘Demokritos’, Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, Athens, Greece
²²⁶ Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
²²⁷ VIB, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium; University of Leuven, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
²²⁸ IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute),Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, Barcelona, Spain
²²⁹ University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Epidemiology Program, Honolulu, HI, USA
²³⁰ Inserm U900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Paris, France; PSL University, Paris, France; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
²³¹ Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN, USA
²³² National Cancer Institute, Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
²³³ University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Houston, TX, USA
²³⁴ University of Cambridge, Clinical Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
²³⁵ University of Eastern Finland, Translational Cancer Research Area, Kuopio, Finland; University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Kuopio, Finland; Kuopio University Hospital, Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio, Finland
²³⁶ Södersjukhuset, Department of Oncology, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
²³⁷ University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
²³⁸ University Hospital of Heraklion, Department of Medical Oncology, Heraklion, Greece
²³⁹ University College London, MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, London, UK
²⁴⁰ Roswell Park Cancer Institute, NRG Oncology, Clinical Trials Development Division, Buffalo, NY, USA
²⁴¹ Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
²⁴² Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
²⁴³ The University of Chicago, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Chicago, IL, USA
²⁴⁴ Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
²⁴⁵ Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, New York, NY, USA; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
²⁴⁶ National Institute of Oncology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Budapest, Hungary
²⁴⁷ University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
²⁴⁸ Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
²⁴⁹ University La Sapienza, Department of Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
²⁵⁰ Portuguese Oncology Institute, Department of Genetics, Porto, Portugal
²⁵¹ IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute),Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, ProCURE, Oncobell, Barcelona, Spain
²⁵² Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven, Belgium
²⁵³ Karolinska Institutet, Clinical Genetics, Stockholm, Sweden
²⁵⁴ German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany; Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH & RC), Department of Basic Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
²⁵⁵ Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
²⁵⁶ Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
²⁵⁷ Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Medical Oncology Department, Madrid, Spain
²⁵⁸ The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
²⁵⁹ Fox Chase Cancer Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Philadelphia, PA, USA
²⁶⁰ Vilnius University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
²⁶¹ University Hospital of Larissa, Department of Oncology, Larissa, Greece
²⁶² University of Wisconsin, Cancer Center at ProHealth Care, Waukesha, WI, USA
²⁶³ Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica, Santiago De Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
²⁶⁴ University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
²⁶⁵ The Ohio State University, Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
²⁶⁶ University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Westwood, KS, USA
²⁶⁷ Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
²⁶⁸ University of Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
²⁶⁹ BC Cancer, Population Oncology, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of British Columbia, School of Population and Public Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
²⁷⁰ Institut Curie, Service de Génétique, Paris, France; INSERM U830, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
²⁷¹ University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
²⁷² Portuguese Oncology Institute, Department of Genetics, Porto, Portugal; University of Porto, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
²⁷³ Columbia University, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
²⁷⁴ Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Odence C, Denmark
²⁷⁵ NorthShore University HealthSystem, Center for Medical Genetics, Evanston, IL, USA
²⁷⁶ Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
²⁷⁷ McGill University, Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, Montréal, QC, Canada; University of Cambridge, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge, UK
²⁷⁸ Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands
²⁷⁹ German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Institute of Human Genetics, Bogota, Colombia
²⁸⁰ Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
²⁸¹ Helios Clinics Berlin-Buch, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Berlin, Germany
²⁸² Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Division of Functional onco-genomics and genetics, Aviano, Italy
²⁸³ City of Hope, Clinical Cancer Genetics, Duarte, CA, USA
²⁸⁴ Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden; Uppsala University, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
²⁸⁵ Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
²⁸⁶ QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
²⁸⁷ University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK; University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
²⁸⁸ The Ohio State University, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Columbus, OH, USA
²⁸⁹ Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Molecular Genetics, Toronto, ON, Canada
²⁹⁰ University of NSW Sydney, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
²⁹¹ The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, London, UK; The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Breast Cancer Research, London, UK
²⁹² Columbia University, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, New York, NY, USA
²⁹³ The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Division, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
²⁹⁴ The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Division of Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
²⁹⁵ Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain

Pages

1-14

Publication year

2019

Publication date

Nov 2019

Publisher

Nature Publishing Group

e-ISSN

23744677

Source type

Scholarly Journal

Language of publication

English

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41523-019-0127-5

ProQuest document ID

2311224044

© 2019. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer

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