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INTRODUCTION
In recent decades more intense rainfall events have occurred in parts of Europe as well as extreme weather events like severe droughts, floods and heat waves. Climate change scenarios predict more intense changes in temperature and precipitation and increase of the possibility of occurrence of extreme weather events. Decrease of precipitation combined with increase of temperatures will impact both the quantity and quality of water resources. However, uncertainties persist regarding the magnitude of the climate change impacts on water resources, the timeframe of occurrence, as well as their interactions with human activities.
Changes in water resources' quantity and quality and the timing of the occurrence of flows affect water supply systems, making them vulnerable to climate change. Water supply systems are already facing various pressures due to aging infrastructure, population increase, competition between different water users, etc. Climate change is an additional factor in the existing water management challenges, contributing to the increased vulnerability of water supply systems. Brun (2007) reports that nearly 40% of the supplied water for the Mexico City water supply system is lost in pipelines and network leakages. Considering available water resources and climate change scenarios for Mexico City, Brun (2007) concludes that reductions in water availability may cause or prolong social conflicts between municipalities, people and authorities over future water use. Mukheibir & Ziervogel (2007) in their research present a framework for development of a Municipal Adaptation Plan for climate change for the city of Cape Town. Their work illustrates that the city is the first major urban region in South Africa where the water demand will exceed the total available water resources in the case of economic and population growth scenarios and projected climate change impacts. Regarding water supply and demand, Downing et al. (2003) concluded that in England, per capita domestic demand could rise additionally in the range from 2% to 5% for the next 20 to 50 years as a result of climate change. Al-Zubari et al. (2018) assess the vulnerability of the municipal water management system to the impact of climate change in the Kingdom of Bahrain. They use a dynamic mathematical model to forecast municipal water demands and their associated cost for two scenarios: without and with climate change impacts.
Climate change scenarios for...