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Abstract. Common carp (Cyprinus carpió Linnaeus, 1759) is one of the common fish species grown in aquaculture of many countries. This paper presents a review of publications on the effect of the light factor on carp. According to most studies, embryonic development improves in conditions of low intensity light, while long photoperiod has a positive effect on growth. Daylight lengthening also accelerates the maturation of females. Illumination and spectrum of light in certain optimal limits can cause positive effect on carp at different stages of development. Such modes of illumination and spectrum caused improvement of the physiological and biochemical state of fish and food conversion efficiency. Diurnal rhythm and behavior also show a photoperiodic dependence. Some preliminary recommendations on the illumination for carp in conditions of industrial fish farming are given in conclusion.
Key words: common carp, Cyprinus carpió, light, growth, development, physiology, behavior, reproduction.
Introduction. Common carp (Cyprinus carpió Linnaeus, 1759) belongs to the order Cypriniformes and the family Cyprinidae. This species lives in freshwater ecosystems such as rivers, lakes, and ponds (Barus et al 2001; Enache et al 2011; Artaev & Ruchin 2016). Due to its popularity and high ecological plasticity, it is currently common in many countries of the world, in some of them it is considered to be an invasive species (Koehn 2004; Clavero & Villero 2014; Froese & Pauly 2016). Following multiple translocations and introductions of domesticated and feral forms since Roman times, C. carpió is now present in 139 countries and islands worldwide (Froese & Pauly 2016), proving its reputation as The most successful colonizer of the world' (Vilizzi & Copp 2017).
Due to the hardiness of this fish species, its use in aquaculture has increased dramatically since the mid-1980s. In 2000, worldwide aquaculture produced 2,682,543 metric tonnes of carp at a value of U.S. $2.8 billion (Badiou et al 2011). In 2010, it ranked third (Ctenopharyngodon idella ranked first and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix second) in terms of worldwide finfish aquaculture production, contributing 9% of the world's total finfish aquaculture production, and Asia accounted for more than 90% of common carp's aquaculture production. China alone contributed 77% (2,462,346 tons) of the world's aquaculture production of common carp (3,216,203 tons) in 2009 (Rahman 2015). Of all fish species used in...