A suicide enzyme catalyzes multiple reactions for biotin biosynthesis in cyanobacteria

Abstract

In biotin biosynthesis, the conversion of pimeloyl intermediates to biotin is catalyzed by a universal set of four enzymes: BioF, BioA, BioD and BioB. We found that the gene homologous to bioA, the product of which is involved in the conversion of 8-amino-7-oxononanoate (AON) to 7,8-diaminononanoate (DAN), is missing in the genome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. We provide structural and biochemical evidence showing that a novel dehydrogenase, BioU, is involved in biotin biosynthesis and functionally replaces BioA. This enzyme catalyzes three reactions: formation of covalent linkage with AON to yield a BioU-DAN conjugate at the ε-amino group of Lys124 of BioU using NAD(P)H, carboxylation of the conjugate to form BioU-DAN-carbamic acid, and release of DAN-carbamic acid using NAD(P)⁺. In this biosynthetic pathway, BioU is a suicide enzyme that loses the Lys124 amino group after a single round of reaction.

Certain cyanobacteria use an alternative biotin biosynthetic pathway that replaces BioA with the dehydrogenase BioU, a suicide enzyme that catalyzes its reaction via conjugation to Lys124 and loses the amino group of this residue in the process.